There are over 3000 types of minerals in the Earth’s crust As you could see with the quartz, often times even the same kind of minerals can look very different Therefore, geologists (scientists who study minerals and rocks) often use several different tests to determine type of a mineral they have found!

1. Color: _____________________________________ 2. Luster: ________________________________ 3. Streak: __________________________________ 4. Texture: __________________________________ 5. Hardness: ________________________________ 6. Cleavage/Fracture: ___________________________

Color is one of the most noticeable characteristics of a mineral, but it also the least reliable of all the characteristics The color of a mineral is often caused by tiny amounts of other elements or compounds inside For example, what people call amethyst is actually just quartz with iron in it!

The way that a mineral reflects light from its surface is its luster The two types of luster are: - metallic - nonmetallic Metallic Luster

When a mineral is rubbed against a tile, it will leave behind a colored powdered streak on the tile Sometimes a mineral’s streak does not match the mineral’s external color For example, one way to tell the difference between pyrite (Fool’s gold) and real gold is by streak. Pyrite leaves a greenish-black streak while real gold leaves a yellow streak.

Texture describes how a mineral feels to the touch. Minerals can range anywhere between glassy feeling, rough feeling, greasy feeling, and even soapy feeling! Talc has a soapy texture. Fluorite has a glassy texture.

Hardness is a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched Geologists use Mohs scale to give minerals their hardness ratings HardnessMineralAssociations and Uses 1TalcTalcum powder. 2GypsumPlaster of paris. Gypsum is formed when seawater evaporates from the Earth’s surface. 3CalciteLimestone and most shells contain calcite. 4FluoriteFluorine in fluorite prevents tooth decay. 5ApatiteWhen you are hungry you have a big "appetite". 6OrthoclaseOrthoclase is a feldspar, and in German, "feld" means "field". 7Quartz 8TopazThe November birthstone. Emerald and aquamarine are varieties of beryl with a hardness of 8. 9CorundumSapphire and ruby are varieties of corundum. Twice as hard as topaz. 10DiamondUsed in jewelry and cutting tools. Four times as hard as corundum.

The pattern of atoms will determine how a mineral will break Cleavage: A mineral that breaks relatively easily and evenly at angles (smooth) Fracture: Minerals that break with rough or jagged edges are said to have fracture

Some minerals have unique properties For example, Iceland spar can create double images Calcite reacts with hydrochloric acid and releases carbon dioxide (bubbles)

1. Research: go to my google classroom and work on assignment: What is a geologist? Late! 1. Research: go to my google classroom and work on assignment: What is a geologist? Late! 2. Finish conclusion of boat lab answering these questions under your materials list: (science notebooks): Late! 2. Finish conclusion of boat lab answering these questions under your materials list: (science notebooks): Late! Was your hypothesis correct/ incorrect? Was your hypothesis correct/ incorrect? Why do you think this is? Why do you think this is? Could any other variables have affected your results? Why/why not? And which variables? Could any other variables have affected your results? Why/why not? And which variables? 3. Finish p. 6 of your bread lab (research 3 sources on info about mold growing on bread) (packet) Late! 3. Finish p. 6 of your bread lab (research 3 sources on info about mold growing on bread) (packet) Late! 4. Read pages in “earth’s surface” books and answer questions 1-6 on one piece of paper. Late! 4. Read pages in “earth’s surface” books and answer questions 1-6 on one piece of paper. Late! 5. Lab #1 : Pick up paper and materials for lab 1- follow instructions on paper 5. Lab #1 : Pick up paper and materials for lab 1- follow instructions on paper 6. Lab # 2: Big book- issues and earth science, lab paper, materials 6. Lab # 2: Big book- issues and earth science, lab paper, materials Part 1 (front of worksheet): p. B8 – B10 Part 1 (front of worksheet): p. B8 – B10 Blank paper: analysis on blank paper from p. B10 Blank paper: analysis on blank paper from p. B10 Part 2 (back of worksheet): p. B12 - B13 Part 2 (back of worksheet): p. B12 - B13 Blank paper: under work from p. B10, answer analysis on p. B12- B13 Blank paper: under work from p. B10, answer analysis on p. B12- B13 Turn all materials, lab paper and analysis papers into black bin Turn all materials, lab paper and analysis papers into black bin 7. Computer: pick up “mineral mania” paper. Go to google classroom and follow directions to fill out 7. Computer: pick up “mineral mania” paper. Go to google classroom and follow directions to fill out 8. Review worksheet 8. Review worksheet 9. Lab# 3 – Assessment grade!! Big Books- issues and earth science p. B 21 – B 24 (Don’t choose properties that are the same for calcite & quartz) 9. Lab# 3 – Assessment grade!! Big Books- issues and earth science p. B 21 – B 24 (Don’t choose properties that are the same for calcite & quartz) After your fill out p. 1-2 of worksheet, come pick up materials you chose to test your mineral After your fill out p. 1-2 of worksheet, come pick up materials you chose to test your mineral 10. Computer: Go on google classroom and complete assignment titled “Mineral Letter Home” based off your findings from lab # Computer: Go on google classroom and complete assignment titled “Mineral Letter Home” based off your findings from lab # 3