Alternatives Drying Class A Processing Dewatering Centrifuge, BFP Thickened Liquid Sludge Class A Land Application Incineration Pelletization Alkaline Stabilization Class A or B Class B Land Fill Digestion (MAD, TPAD, AGPD) Cambi EH Pasteurizations Ash into bricks Gasification Ash EnerTech, E- fuel Fertilizer Ash Composting Minergy, Aggregates

EPA P rocess/Technology Classification Embryonic:  Technologies that are in the development stage and/or have been tested at laboratory or bench scale;  New technologies that have reached the demonstration stage overseas, but not yet considered to be established there or in North America Innovative: Technologies that meet one of the following criteria:  Have been tested as a full-scale demonstration;  Have been implemented in the U.S. for less than five years;  Have some degree of initial use (i.e. implemented in < 25 plants in the U.S.  Established technologies from overseas. Established:  Processes that are used at >25 full-scale facilities in North America;  Technologies that are widely used but introduced only recently in North America.  An established technology (e.g., Anaerobic Digestion) that may have been modified or adapted resulting in a new, innovative technology such as Thermally Phased Anaerobic Digestion (TPAD) Embryonic:  Technologies that are in the development stage and/or have been tested at laboratory or bench scale;  New technologies that have reached the demonstration stage overseas, but not yet considered to be established there or in North America Innovative: Technologies that meet one of the following criteria:  Have been tested as a full-scale demonstration;  Have been implemented in the U.S. for less than five years;  Have some degree of initial use (i.e. implemented in < 25 plants in the U.S.  Established technologies from overseas. Established:  Processes that are used at >25 full-scale facilities in North America;  Technologies that are widely used but introduced only recently in North America.  An established technology (e.g., Anaerobic Digestion) that may have been modified or adapted resulting in a new, innovative technology such as Thermally Phased Anaerobic Digestion (TPAD)

Evaluation Criteria Scoring Scheme and Weighting Factors Score Weight Capital and O&M Cost  Present Worth – Equivalent Annual Cost 0 – 5 40 Process  Reliability 0 – 5 10  Ease of Operations 0 – 5 5  Ease of Maintenance 0 – 5 10 Implementation  Construction Duration 0 – 5 5  Air Quality Impacts 0 – 5 2  Ease of Implementation 0 – 5 2  Ease of Permitting 0 – 5 2  Compatibility with Existing Facilities 0 – 5 2  Public Perception 0 – 5 2 End Product  Acceptability/Marketability 0 – 5 8  Sustainability/Risk 0 – 5 8  Diversification (Class A) 0 – 5 4 Score Weight Capital and O&M Cost  Present Worth – Equivalent Annual Cost 0 – 5 40 Process  Reliability 0 – 5 10  Ease of Operations 0 – 5 5  Ease of Maintenance 0 – 5 10 Implementation  Construction Duration 0 – 5 5  Air Quality Impacts 0 – 5 2  Ease of Implementation 0 – 5 2  Ease of Permitting 0 – 5 2  Compatibility with Existing Facilities 0 – 5 2  Public Perception 0 – 5 2 End Product  Acceptability/Marketability 0 – 5 8  Sustainability/Risk 0 – 5 8  Diversification (Class A) 0 – 5 4

Criteria Definition II: Process Process Reliability: Existing operational experience at past or present installations for producing the desired output from the technology as designed and when being operated within the specified conditions. Ease of Operation: Level of skill that Blue Plains operations staff is required to have in order operate the technology effectively Ease of Maintenance: Level of skill that existing Blue Plains staff is required to have in order to maintain the process systems and equipment Process Reliability: Existing operational experience at past or present installations for producing the desired output from the technology as designed and when being operated within the specified conditions. Ease of Operation: Level of skill that Blue Plains operations staff is required to have in order operate the technology effectively Ease of Maintenance: Level of skill that existing Blue Plains staff is required to have in order to maintain the process systems and equipment

Criteria Definition III: Implementation Construction Timeframe: The time required to construct the process or install the technology and associated appurtenances, including testing and acceptance for full service operation. Air Quality Impacts: The impacts of air emissions released from the process to the atmosphere (after application of appropriate air pollution control technologies), that might adversely impact air quality and affect the ability of the plant to comply with its Title V air permit limits. Ease of Implementation: The time and effort required to fully implement the process at Blue Plains including project delivery options (DB, DBO), space limitations and site constraints Construction Timeframe: The time required to construct the process or install the technology and associated appurtenances, including testing and acceptance for full service operation. Air Quality Impacts: The impacts of air emissions released from the process to the atmosphere (after application of appropriate air pollution control technologies), that might adversely impact air quality and affect the ability of the plant to comply with its Title V air permit limits. Ease of Implementation: The time and effort required to fully implement the process at Blue Plains including project delivery options (DB, DBO), space limitations and site constraints

Criteria Definition III: Implementation Ease of Permitting: The ease of compliance with permitting requirements, the complexity of the permitting process, and the level of effort and time required to obtain all required regulatory permits and approvals Compatibility with Blue Plains: The ease with which the process can be integrated with the existing onsite processes and technologies with minimal short- term and long-term impacts on existing operations. This includes operation and maintenance requirements, special staff skills, and training needs. Public Perception: The public’s perception of the process in terms of overall aesthetics; potential for odor, noise, and traffic impacts; potential for beneficial reuse, energy production, and eco-friendliness. Ease of Permitting: The ease of compliance with permitting requirements, the complexity of the permitting process, and the level of effort and time required to obtain all required regulatory permits and approvals Compatibility with Blue Plains: The ease with which the process can be integrated with the existing onsite processes and technologies with minimal short- term and long-term impacts on existing operations. This includes operation and maintenance requirements, special staff skills, and training needs. Public Perception: The public’s perception of the process in terms of overall aesthetics; potential for odor, noise, and traffic impacts; potential for beneficial reuse, energy production, and eco-friendliness.

Criteria Definition IV: End Product Product Marketability/Acceptability: Marketability: The potential to give away or derive revenue through sales, marketing and distribution of the end product. Acceptability: The public’s level of acceptance of the product including odor potential. Ease of Diversification: The ease with which the product can be managed through multiple outlets to minimize risk to WASA. Risk/Sustainability: The potential risks associated with future federal, state or local regulations that might restrict or ban the use of the product. Product Marketability/Acceptability: Marketability: The potential to give away or derive revenue through sales, marketing and distribution of the end product. Acceptability: The public’s level of acceptance of the product including odor potential. Ease of Diversification: The ease with which the product can be managed through multiple outlets to minimize risk to WASA. Risk/Sustainability: The potential risks associated with future federal, state or local regulations that might restrict or ban the use of the product.