Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment Chapter 9

What Is Assessment?Intelligence AssessmentTheories of IntelligenceThe Politics of IntelligenceAssessment and Society Chapter 9 Preview

What Is Assessment? Psychological Assessment Use of specified procedures to evaluate abilities, behaviors, and personal qualities Measurement of individual differences

History of Assessment Galton’s Ideas of Intelligence Differences are quantifiable Differences form bell-shaped curve Objective testsCorrelations

Features of Formal Assessment ReliabilityValidityStandardization

Concept of Reliability Reliability Stability/consistency of scores produced by instrument Test-Retest Reliability Test given on two separate occasions Measured by correlation Parallel Forms Different versions of test

Concept of Reliability Internal Consistency Test yields similar scores across its different parts Split-Half Reliability Odd versus even numbers on test

Concept of Validity Validity Extent to which test measures what it is intended to measure

Concept of Validity Content Validity Extent to which test adequately measures full range of domain of interest Criterion- Related/Predictive Validity Degree to which test scores indicates result on specific measure consistent with another criterion of characteristic being measured Construct Validity Degree to which test adequately measures underlying construct

Norms and Standardization Norms Standards based on measurements of large group of people Standardization Uniform procedures for treating each participant in research

Intelligence Defined Intelligence Global capacity to profit from experience and to go beyond given information about environment

Origins of Intelligence Testing Alfred Binet and Théophile Simon Mental age Chronological age Lewis Terman Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

IQ Tests Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test IQ = MA/CA x 100 Mental Age/Chronological Age x 100 Wechsler Intelligence Scales Verbal subtests Performance subtests

Distribution of IQ Scores in General Population

Extremes of Intelligence Intellectual Disability Individuals have IQ scores of 70 to 75 or below and demonstrate limitations in life tasks abilities Brought about by number of genetic and environmental factors

Extremes of Intelligence Learning Disorder Large discrepancy between individual’s measured IQ and achievement

Critical Thinking in Your Life Why do intelligent people have longer lives? Look on page 247 for four explanations

Extremes of Intelligence Giftedness IQ score above 130 But…does IQ score adequately define giftedness?

Extremes of Intelligence Joseph Renzulli Three-ring conception Ability Creativity Task commitment

Theories of Intelligence Psychometric Theories Statistical relationships Factor Analysis

Theories of Intelligence Charles SpearmanSpearman’s “g” Raymond Cattell Crystallized Intelligence Fluid Intelligence

Theories of Intelligence Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory Analytical intelligence Creative intelligence Practical intelligence

Theories of Intelligence Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences Logical-mathematical, linguistic, naturalist, musical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal Emotional IntelligenceEQ versus IQ

Politics of Intelligence History of Group Comparisons Heredity and IQ Environments and IQ

IQ and Genetic Relationship

Politics of Intelligence Culture and the Validity of IQ tests Claude Steele Stereotype threat (vulnerability) Harold Stevenson Hard work versus innate ability

Psychology in Your Life What brain differences accompany higher intelligence? Think about structural differences and brain functions. See page 258 for more information.

Assessment and Society Goal of psychological assessment To make as accurate assessments as possible

Assessment and Society Three ethical concerns Fairness of test-based decisions Utility of tests for evaluating education Implications of using test scores to categorize people

Recapping Chapter 9 Main Points History of Assessment Basic features of Assessment What Is Assessment? Origins of Intelligence Testing IQ Tests Extremes of Intelligence Intelligence Assessment

Recapping Chapter 9 Main Points Psychometric Theories of Intelligence Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence and EQ Theories of Intelligence History of Group Comparisons Heredity and IQ Environments and IQ Culture and the Validity of IQ Tests The Politics of Intelligence

Recapping Chapter 9 Main Points Assessing Creativity and the Link to Intelligence Extremes of Creativity CreativityAssessment and Society