Rocks, Weathering & Erosion Test

1. All rocks are made up of one or more a. sedimentsb. minerals c. magmasd. metals

2. The kind of rock formed when melted minerals cool and harden on the earth’s surface is a. intrusive igneous rock b. sedimentary rock c. extrusive igneous rock d. metamorphic rock

3. A rock formed when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, and/or chemical reactions is a/an a. molten rock b. sedimentary rock c. igneous rock d. metamorphic rock

4. Molten rock is made up of a. melted minerals b. sediments c. the remains of living things d. heat and pressure

5. Rocks formed from the remains of living things are classified as a. molten rock b. sedimentary rock c. igneous rock d. metamorphic rock

6. Magma that reaches the earth’s surface cools and hardens into a. molten rock b. sedimentary rock c. igneous rock d. metamorphic rock

7. The only kind of rock that can form directly from magma is a. molten rock b. sedimentary rock c. igneous rock d. metamorphic rock

8. The crystal size in an igneous rock is determined by how fast the magma in the rock a. cools b. melts c. reaches the earth’s surface d. freezes

9. Mud and sand are examples of a. molten rock b. magma c. lava d. sediments

10. Hydrolysis, carbonation, and oxidation are kinds of a. leaching b. mechanical weathering c. chemical weathering d. karst topography

11. Most chemical weathering is caused by a. gravity b. tree roots c. ice wedging d. water

12. The process by which weathered material is moved from one place to another is a. abrasion b. deposition c. erosion d. deflation

13. Root action is a type of a. mineral b. mechanical weathering c. deposition d. chemical weathering

14. Which of the following is NOT true about a mineral? a. contains material from once living things b. occurs naturally c. has a definite chemical composition d. has a specific crystal structure

15. When a mineral breaks with smooth, flat surfaces, it has this property. a. fracture b. cleavage c. luster d. streak

16. A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a definite crystal structure is called a/an a. gem b. mineral c. birth stone d. rock

17. Which of the following properties is NOT usually used to describe minerals? a. luster b. magnetism c. streak d. hardness

18. The way light reflects off of the surface of a mineral is this property. a. fracture b. cleavage c. luster d. streak

19. Rocks formed from broken bits of mud, sand, bones, shells, or clay that have been weathered, compacted, and cemented together are these kind of rocks. a. igneous b. metamorphic c. sedimentary d. volcanic rocks

20. The process that compacts and/or cements sediments into solid rock is called a. lithification b. metamorphism c. crystallization d. fracture

21. Intrusive rocks form from a. lava b. sediments c. magma d. ice

22. According to the hardness scale used to test minerals, a penny would scratch which of the following items? (Refer to the chart on your test.) a. diamond b. gypsum c. fluorite d. none of these

23. How does the rate of cooling affect the size of mineral crystals in rocks? a. A slow cooling rate results in the formation of very small crystals. b. Large, well-formed mineral crystals are the result of a slow cooling rate. c. A fast rate of cooling results in the formation of very large crystals. d. The rate of cooling does not affect the size of mineral crystals.

24. Look at the diagram of the rock cycle. Which of the processes listed below would occur in box B to cause sediment to form into a sedimentary rock? a.weathering, erosion, and deposition b. cooling and hardening c. pressure and cementing d. extreme heating

25. Look at the diagram of the rock cycle. What is the picture of above box E? a clastic rock b. an extrusive rock c. metamorphic rock d. a sedimentary rock

26. Look at the diagram of the rock cycle. Which process would take place in box C to change the rock above box E to sediment? a. weathering, erosion, and deposition b. pressure and cementing c. heat and pressure d. melting

27. Look at the diagram of the rock cycle. Which process would be needed in box D to create an igneous rock? a. weathering, erosion, and deposition b. cooling and hardening c. pressure and cementing d. extreme heating

28. Use the mineral hardness scale and the mineral identification chart to identify the mystery mineral described. The mineral has a metallic luster and leaves a black streak. It can easily scratch glass and it breaks into jagged pieces. What is the mystery mineral? a. magnetite b. pyrrhotite c. chalcopyrite d. bornite

29. Use the mineral hardness scale and the mineral identification chart to identify the mystery mineral described. The mineral is black and leaves a yellow streak. It can scratch a penny and it cleaves. It has a silky appearance. What is the mystery mineral? a. biotite b. chalcopyrite c. goethite d. graphite

30. Suzy found a rock on the beach when she was camping. The rock looked like it contained many different things, including small sand grains, mud, and a piece of a shell. It was rough around the edges. What type of rock did Suzy find?

31. Using what you have learned, explain how you knew the answer to question 31. List at least two key pieces of evidence that helped you identify the rock.