Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Chapter 2 Matter and Change 2.1 Properties of Matter 2.2 Mixtures 2.3 Elements and Compounds 2.4 Chemical Reactions

Mixture= physical blend of two or more components. Phase = part of a sample with uniform composition and proprieties Mixtures can be classified as Homogeneous -composition is uniform throughout the mixture = Solution Olive oil, vinegar, air, stainless steel Contains one single phase Heterogeneous – composition is not uniform throughout the mixture Salad, chicken noodle soup, Contains at least two phases

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. At the beach, you realize that both ocean water and sand are mixtures. Which is a homogeneous mixture (or solution)? Which is a heterogeneous mixture?

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. At the beach, you realize that both ocean water and sand are mixtures. Which is a homogeneous mixture (or solution)? Which is a heterogeneous mixture? Salt water is a homogeneous mixture, or solution. Sand is a heterogeneous mixture.

Separating mixtures Differences in physical proprieties can be used to separate mixtures. Decantation can be used when there are two distinct and easy to separate phases (oil and vinegar, water and sand) = one phase can be easily poured out. Filtration = a process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture (coffee making). Solid stays, liquid goes through.

Distillation Installation Distillation = a process used to separate components of a mixture using differences in boiling points

Petroleum Refining

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. At the beach, you realize that both ocean water and sand are mixtures. Which is a homogeneous mixture (or solution)? Which is a heterogeneous mixture?

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. At the beach, you realize that both ocean water and sand are mixtures. Which is a homogeneous mixture (or solution)? Which is a heterogeneous mixture? Salt water is a homogeneous mixture, or solution. Sand is a heterogeneous mixture.

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Sample Problem 2.1 Separating a Heterogeneous Mixture How could a mixture of aluminum nails and iron nails be separated?

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. In order to identify how to separate aluminum and iron nails, the properties of both aluminum and iron must be known. Sample Problem 2.1 Analyze Identify the relevant concepts. 1

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Sample Problem 2.1 Solve Apply concepts to this situation. 2 List the properties of each substance in the mixture. Aluminum metal gray color doesn’t dissolve in water not attracted to magnet Iron metal gray color doesn’t dissolve in water attracted to magnet

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Sample Problem 2.1 Solve Apply concepts to this situation. 2 Identify a property that can be used to separate different substances from each other. The ability to be attracted by a magnet is a property that iron and aluminum do not share. You could use a magnet to remove the iron nails from a mixture of iron and aluminum.

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Which physical property does filtration rely on to separate mixtures? Which does distillation rely on?

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Which physical property does filtration rely on to separate mixtures? Which does distillation rely on? Filtration relies on the size of a particle, or molecule, of a substance. Distillation relies on the boiling point of the substance.

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Key Concepts Mixtures can be classified as heterogeneous mixtures or as homogeneous mixtures, based on the distribution of their components. Differences in physical properties can be used to separate mixtures.

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. mixture: a physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined heterogeneous mixture: a mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture homogeneous mixture: a mixture that is uniform in composition; components are evenly distributed and not easily distinguished solution: a homogeneous mixture; consists of solutes dissolved in a solvent Glossary Terms

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. phase: any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties filtration: a process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture distillation: a process used to separate components of a mixture using differences in boiling points Glossary Terms

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