Austria and Prussia

The Thirty Years War that ended in 1648 was the last of the wars of religion. In fact the final phases of the war were more about politics and international relations than religion. The major wars of the eighteenth century were the ____________ and the ____________ These wars were fought with professional armies and involved warfare as a way to further national interest. The areas of conflict for these two wars were __________________ and _______________

Mom of Marie Antoinette who will marry French King Louis XVI AUSTRIA - THE GERMAN STATES Still part of Holy Roman Empire Austrian Hapsburgs-family ruled HRE Maria Theresa inherited throne in 1740 from her father, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI. He passed the following: Pragmatic ______________________

AUSTRIA - THE GERMAN STATES Still part of Holy Roman Empire Maria Theresa Her Problems She made war with Prussia when they seized some of her land (Silesia). Despite a lack of knowledge in politics, she was a good enough politician to get help from other nations (Great Britain and the Netherlands).

AUSTRIA - THE GERMAN STATES Still part of Holy Roman Empire Austrian Hapsburgs-family ruled HRE Problems in the empire i.patchwork: ppl, religion, language ii.diversity makes difficult to rule Her solutions i. Strengthened central government ii. Increased trade and industry

Austria’s Chief Rival is Prussia Austria Prussia Families_____________ _______________ Religion________________________ ______________ Rulers 1.Frederick William 2.Frederick I 3.Frederick William I 4.Frederick II More on these guys on the next slide

Prussia

Will develop into the biggest, baddest army around!

Prussia Their Rulers In Brief _____________________ = Great Elector unified army, tax, transportation, agriculture ___________________ by now he’s called King of Prussia __________________ 1.tightened up spending 2.extreme army (goose step) The Royal Drill Sergeant 3.all kids must attend school ____________________ wimp? No, expanded empire of Prussia

Prussia Became a powerful Protestant state. North German Princes called_____________ united their lands after the Peace of Westphalia. They took the power of the other lords, known as Junkers, but gained their loyalty back by giving them powerful jobs in the army. They centralized government as an absolute monarchy under _____________, who did this by forming one of the fiercest militaries ever seen… “Prussia is not a a state which possesses an army, rather an army that possesses a state.

Prussia Frederic William’s son, named Frederick II, who was treated harshly by his father, became a brilliant military leader, and was given the title Frederick the Great. Austria and Prussia had both arisen as powerful states, and competed with each other for power over central Europe for a long time to come.

War between Austria and Prussia - The War of Austrian Seccession

Frederick the Great invades the Austrian territory of __________________ Enormous desire to expand Prussian territory. Silesia rich in natural resources. Frederick the Great rejected the Pragmatic Sanction which justified Maria’s power. All over Silesia: War of Austrian Seccession Multi alliance Diplomatic Revolution: shifting alliances Had always been GB & Austria vs. Fr & Prussia Switch to GB & Prussia vs. Fr & Austria

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Officially recognized Prussia’s rise as an important European nation

Prussia Continued Maria Theresa was determined to get Silesia back. She becomes allied to Russia, who’s Empress Elizabeth was an archenemy of Frederick the Great…we now have the tables set for another war. Frederick the Great, by the war’s end, is able to keep most of Silesia The Seven Years War was between Austria and Prussia over Silesia and between France and Great Britain (known as French and Indian War in America)

Prussia and their war w/ Austria RESULTS OF THE SEVEN YEARS WAR/WAR OF AUSTRIAN SECESSION Prussia gets ____________ and __________is strongest colonial power. and potatoes hit the market in new lands controlled by Prussia

To be filled in while in class