TEACHING OF GENERAL ENGLISH Unit –I Preliminary Statement Introductory Page

Language is a divine gift of articulate speech through which a social group co-operates It is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols Range of variations in the language definitions * general * formal features

Definition of Language A language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.(Wardaugh). A language is a symbol system based on pure of arbitrary conventions….infinitely extendable and modifiable according to the changing needs and conditions of the speakers.(Robins).

Language is purely human and non-instinctive method of communication ideas,emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols ***”in all forms of human behavior“ what is life is what is language.

Function & purpose Non-communicative communicative Emotional expression Social interaction Power of sound Instrument of thought

Two level model Language srtucture Two level model Language form meaning language phonology grammar semantics phonetics

English is a West Germanic language spoken originally in England, and is now the most widely used language in the world.  It is spoken as a first language by a majority of the inhabitants of several nations. English is called as international language

The United Kingdom, the United States,Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and Caribbean nations. It is the third most common native language in the world, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish.  It is widely learned as a second language and is an official language of the European Union, many Commonwealth countries and the United Nations, as well as in many world organizations. The students are primarily placed into the program in a timely manner and are grouped with students of similar language proficiencies and grade levels. In the elementary grades, ESL should replace a portion or all of reading or a language art class. In the secondary grades, ESL should replace the English or Reading classes as a credited course.

What is English as a Second Language? ESL or ELL may stand for English as Second Language or English Language Learners Students that have a primary language other than English can be serviced in all states This is available in all grade levels, K-12.

The status of English in india today English has been playing an important role in our educational system as well in our social life. The NEP remarks that special emphasis need to be paid on the study of english . Today english is used , in all corners of the world by people from all walks of life. Continuous use of modeling, rephrasing, and trying different and more authentic learning strategies and techniques. 1.) Use the language experience approach- students choose own reading and the teacher facilitates the questions, demonstrations, and information. The students create their story based on common experiences and the teacher records the story as the student creates it. The dictated story can be used for teaching skills such as capitalization, punctuation, vocabulary, and grammar. Reading is best facilitated when it stems from what the students already have knowledge. 2.) Pattern Writing- will allow learners to link new and old information and get additional practice in using new structures and words. Students experiment with new words within a sentence frame already familiar to them. Make it more challenging by substituting more words and descriptions. 3.) Cognitive development approach- Use higher level thinking activities involving information processing, memory, comparisons, and language development. 4.) Directed Reading- directs the students to make explicit connections between print and meaning by responding to questions as they read only “segments” of the text. Segment and divide text to predict and ask questions to help comprehension. (Read 1st segments of text and compare to original, read 2nd segment and respond to more questions and predictions. After reading whole text, discuss overall reactions.)

Importance of English English as an international language As an official language of administration As A language of court As a language of international trade and industry In our social life As a window on the modern world As a link language As a library language English in media In our Educational System

English as an International Language It helps in interlinking the people living in different countries It is the common means of communication Better understanding of different countries Knowledge of English will make a person a citizen of the world Over 1000 million speakers 900 million people in the Indian sub continent Semi-official language over 60 countries Over two third of world’s scientist write in English English remains the leading international language, with an estimated 1.5 billion speakers across the world. It is the language of modern scholarship, the internet and technology, the global media and advertising, international politics and diplomacy, and particularly, global business. 

AS AN OFFICIAL LANGUAGE More than 200 years Declared as associate official language (Act of parliament 1963) Dominates the administrative business (centre &states) All document and agreements are in English Recognized as a associate official language with Hindi The State governments orders also communicated in both languages English &Regional language All central Government communication provided in English version

As a Language of International Trade &Industry The prolific growth of English is both a result and cause of globalization.  The boom in international trade has brought people from all cultures and countries together to exchange goods and services. The role that English has played in driving global trade and reducing the sense of distance between countries English has increasingly become the ‘lingua franca’ for international trade. This is powerfully underlined by the calculation that an estimated 80 per cent of those communicating in English are non-native speakers. 

As a language of court Still continues to be the language of court There is no suitable language for legal transaction supreme courts ,High courts ,District courts Cases are presented &judgments are given in English In our social Life Take in English write letters in English Invitation cards ,social functions printed in English Signature

As a library language Key to the store house of knowledge This-Most important role in India World knowledge enshrined in English Law, medicine ,engineering ,Agriculture Science and technology books available only in English More than 70% of books printed in English Higher Education –English is the medium of Instruction The Indian Education Commission Stressed that English would play a vital role in higher education as an important library language Developed new elementary ESL progress reports for grading and secondary grades are recorded as a credited ESL English class and are recorded into InteGrade Pro and ClassXP.

As a window on the modern World English is our window on the modern world” through which we can see the scientific ,technological, agricultural ,commercial and literary development taking place in the world (gain modern Knowledge) Dr.Radhakrishnan commission observed English is a language rich in literature abounded with humanistic, scientific and technical knowledge “ Scientific mastery of English is the Only way to achieve the treasure of knowledge. Students are monitored for two years in the mainstream classroom after exiting the ESL program. Teacher observation forms are given to the classroom teachers for review during the 1st and 2nd semesters. The students must maintain adequate and passing grades for these two years for completion of the program.

English in our Educational System It is the main medium of instruction at PG level Taught as a second language at every stage of education in all states of India Three language formula -1960 10+2+3 system-1978 It is taught as a compulsory subject RIE have been set up to train teachers Medical ,law, scientific researches is in English

As a link language Different states and different languages English link them together English is our link other countries of the world It is only with English we can establish social,economic,cultural and political relationship with other countries of the world. ENGLISH is serves as a bridge between East &West

English in Media English as a Language of opportunity Dominant role in media It is used as a medium of inter-state communication Maximum number of magazines ,news papers printed in English English as a Language of opportunity Offers job opportunity