Name the 7 senses. Taste (gustation) Touch (tactile) Smell (Olfaction) Vision Hearing (audition) Balance (vestibular) Kinesthesis (movement)

What parts of the eye is responsible for each of the following: Protects the eye from dust, etc. Allows light into the eye Adjusts (dialates/constricts) the amount of light Focuses the incoming light onto the retina Cornea Pupil Iris Lens

What is your retina’s center focus point and what receptors that pick up colors and details are clustered around it? Fovea Cones

What receptors in your retina detect black, white, & gray and are best in dim light (also peripheral vision)? Rods

What is the transforming of stimulus energies (like sights, sounds, smells) into neural impulses our brains can interpret called? Transduction

Your retina sends messages to the brain through what? What part of the brain must it pass through before being processed? Optic Nerve Thalamus

In what area of your brain is vision processed (2 parts)? Occipital Lobes Visual Cortex

What is the place where your optic nerves cross to deliver information to the opposite hemisphere? Optic Chiasma

What nerve cells pick up motion, shapes, lines, etc…? Feature Detectors

What theory of color argues that there are 3 color receptors and the combinations of them make millions of colors? Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Color Theory Make sure you also know the Opponent Process Theory & after images

What type of deafness occurs with damage to the middle or outer ear (eardrum, ossicles…)? Conduction Hearing Loss

What type of deafness is due to damage to hair cells or nerves of the inner ear? Sensorineural Can be caused by disease, loud noises… Cochlear Implants

What theory argues that pain is felt when small nerve fibers in the spinal cord are stimulated? Gate Control Theory of Pain

What are the 5 taste sensations? Sweet Sour Salty Bitter Umami

Our senses working together to interpret the world around us is called? Sensory Interaction

Where is our equilibrium that controls our sense of balance located? Inner Ears

What sense produces the strongest emotional reaction and why? Smell-direct link to the brain near the limbic system (no thalamus)

What are the 2 types of perceptual processing? Which one is due to our prior knowledge and schemas & our brain fills in the gaps? Top Down-our brain tells us what it is then we look at details Bottom Up-looking at details to put the “puzzle pieces” together

Our ability to focus our attention on a single talker while conversations and noise exist in the background is called… Cocktail Party Phenomenon

Our conscious focus of awareness on stimuli is called…(we can only focus on one thing at a time) Selective Attention

Mr. Boschman leaves the room and Mr. Abdullah comes in to fill in for him. You do not notice that you have a different teacher because you are so focused on the lab. What is this called? Change Blindness Remember Vegas?

You are driving and hit a man on a bike because you didn’t notice he was crossing the crosswalk. What is this an example of? Inattentional Blindness Remember the Penguin & Gorilla?

The minimum amount of light, sound, pressure, taste, or smell you need to detect it 50% of the time is called… Absolute threshold

The smallest amount of change in a stimulus needed before we actually detect a change is called… Just Noticeable Difference (JND)

What rule says the greater the intensity of the stimulus the greater the change is needed to be noticed? Ex: if you are listening to your tv at 90, you will need to turn it down by a lot more than if the volume were at 20. Weber’s Law Just remember Thalia handling all the $$$

If you were to see an object and understand it based on seeing the object against its background, you would be performing what process? Figure-Ground Relationship

What branch of psychology argues that we look at the WHOLE picture (grouping) instead of focusing on parts? Gestalt Psychology

We group objects that are close together as being part of same group We see objects as similar in appearance as being part of same group Proximity & Similarity

Eleanor Gibson’s Visual Cliff experiments suggested that infants were capable of detecting what? Depth perception

The difference in our vision between eyes is known as…(differences are greater as object gets closer to your eye) You need both eyes to see what kinds of cues? Retinal Disparity Binocular Cues

What type of monocular cues are described in the following: Parallel lines seem to meet in the distance The smaller the object the farther away we think it is If one object partially blocks another we think it’s closer Linear Perspective Relative Size Interposition

What is the illusion that if 2 or more lights are blinking on and off we think it is bouncing back and forth? Phi Phenomenon

We have the tendency to perceive things in a certain way. For example, Jacob believes in UFOs. He sees something in the sky and automatically thinks it is a UFO (even though it might be something else. What is this an example of? Perceptual Set