نظام إدارة قواعد البيانات Access

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Presentation transcript:

نظام إدارة قواعد البيانات Access تصميم الجداول

فى نهاية هذا اللقاء ستكون قادراً على : تحديد الطرق المختلفة لإنشاء الجدول. إنشاء جدول بالمعالج. انشاء جدول في نمط عرض التصميم. تحديد النوع المناسب لكل حقل . التعامل مع خصائص الحقول. إضافة / حذف حقول أو تعديل حصائص الحقول. إنشاء العلاقات وتعديلها. التعامل مع خصائص العلاقات. إدخال البيانات للجداول وفقا لخصائص الحقول. التعامل مع ورقة بيانات جدول.

ما هي الجداول (البيانات) التي سيتم تضمينها في قاعدة البيانات؟ الموضوع: مقدمة ما هي الجداول (البيانات) التي سيتم تضمينها في قاعدة البيانات؟ يتم تخزين البيانات في جداول ويحتوي كل جدول على بيانات معينة لموضوع معين مثل بيانات عملاء- بيانات مدرسين.... يعتبر الجدول هو الوعاء الوحيد لتخزين البيانات ولا يوجد كائن آخر بالقاعدة يصلح لتخزين البيانات. هيكل جدول البيانات ينقسم الى اعمدة وهى تمثل الحقول وصفوف وهى تمثل السجلات

كيفية انشاء جدول ؟ يوجد العديد من الطرق لإنشاء الجدول تتدرج من الاسهل الى الاصعب وهي: باستخدام نمط إدخال البيانات. باستخدام المعالج. باستخدام نمط عرض التصميم.

بدائل إنشاء جدول

يمكنك استخدام "معالج قاعدة البيانات" لإنشاء الجداول المطلوبة لنوع قاعدة البيانات  وتعتبر هي أسهل طريقة لبدء إنشاء قاعدة البيانات (عرض عملى لإنشاء جدول بالمعالج)- تمرين 1

تحديد النوع المناسب لكل حقل . حدد نوع البيانات التي تريد استخدامها لكل حقل بالجدول نوع البيانات: هو الصفات الحقول التي تحدد نوع البيانات التي يمكن ادخالها. وتتضمن أنواع البيانات نص –منطقي- ارقام (عدد صحيح، وعدد صحيح طويل ومفرد، ومزدوج) -عملة،وتاريخ، وسلسلة، ومتغير (افتراضي).) التي تريد استخدامها لحقل استناداً إلى تلك الاعتبارات:

التعامل مع خصائص الحقول. تحديد نوع البيان. تحديد حجم الحقل. تحديد خصائص الحقل.

إنشاء العلاقات وتعديلها. علاقات رأس برأس One-to-One. علاقات رأس بأطراف One-to-Many. معالجة مشكلة العلاقات من النوع أطراف بأطراف Many-to-Many.

إدخال البيانات للجداول وفقا لخصائص الحقول. تمرين تعديل محتوى الحقل حذف محتوى حقل تنسيق الجدول

Editing Records تعديل السجلات Many editing operations involve selection There are many ways to select fields and records Record selectors indicate the current status of the record Current record Record is selected Last (empty) record Record is being edited

Selecting Records With The Mouse تحديد السجلات باستخدام الفأرة Group of Records Click and drag across record selectors All Records Click here Single Record Click in the record selector

Selecting Records Using The Keyboard تحديد السجلات باستخدام لوحة المفاتيح Selecting Records Using The Keyboard Single Record Select the record required Select the Edit menu (Alt+E) Choose Select Record (L) All Records Choose Select All Records (A) or Press Ctrl+A

Selecting Fields With The Mouse تحديد الحقول باستخدام الفأرة Selecting Fields With The Mouse Single Field place the mouse at the beginning of the field (cross pointer) and click once Group of Fields Select 1st field Hold [Shift] + select last field or Select and Drag

Selecting Columns With The Mouse تحديد الأعمدة باستخدام الفأرة Selecting Columns With The Mouse To select a Field Column Click the button above the column To select Adjacent Columns Click the button above the column and drag across the columns required

Selecting Fields and Columns Using the Keyboard تحديد الحقول والأعمدة باستخدام لوحة المفاتيح Selecting Fields and Columns Using the Keyboard Single Field Use the TAB key until the required field is selected (left to right) Use Shift+TAB (right to Left) Adjacent Fields Select the first field (as above) Hold the Shift key Move in the required direction using the cursor keys

Deleting Records and Fields حذف الحقول والسجلات Deleting Records and Fields Select the item(s) Press the Delete key BEWARE!

Viewing or Setting Datasheet Default Values To set defaults Select the Tools drop down menu Select the Options command Select the Datasheet tab

Re-ordering Columns Within a Table اعادة ترتيب الأعمدة في الجدول Re-ordering Columns Within a Table Select Column to be moved Click on Column button Click and drag to the new location Note black bar Release and the column is moved

Re-Ordering Fields in the Table اعادة ترتيب الحقول في الجدول Re-Ordering Fields in the Table In Design View Select the Field to be moved Click on the Field Select button Click and drag to a new location Note black bar Release and the Field is moved

Changing Column Width and Row Height تغير عرض العمود و ارتفاع الصف Or Click on the column header and right click Select Column Width Enter the column size or Choose Best Fit Changing Column Width and Row Height To size a Column Move the mouse to point between the columns until this symbol is displayed Click and drag to the width required and release

Hiding and Un-hiding Columns اخفاء واظهار الأعمدة Hiding and Un-hiding Columns To hide a Column Select the column(s) you wish to hide Click the right mouse button Select Hide Columns To show a Column Select the Format menu Choose Unhide Columns Select the fields you wish to show Select Close to action choices

Freezing Columns تجمييد الأعمدة Freezing Columns To Freeze Columns Allows you to keep selected columns visible on-screen whilst you view columns off the screen To Freeze Columns Select Columns Click the right mouse button or Select the Format menu Click Freeze Columns To Unfreeze Columns Select the Format menu Click Unfreeze All Columns

Formatting Datasheet Cells تنسيق الخلايا Formatting Datasheet Cells Cell Effects include: Horizontal and vertical gridlines Gridline and background colors Cell effects - Flat, Raised and Sunken

Changing Datasheet Fonts Select Font from the Format drop down menu

Copying and Moving Fields and Records To copy or move fields and records Select the field or record Copy or move it to the Clipboard Paste from the Clipboard Cut - move (Ctrl+X) Copy (Ctrl+C) Paste (Ctrl+V)

Another Look at the Database Window From the Database Window you can: Copy, Rename and Delete objects When you copy and paste a table you give it a different name

Printing Choose Print Preview before you print

Opening the Relationship Window Open the Database Window Click on the Relationships icon on the toolbar

Adding Tables to the Relationships Window Click on the Show Table icon Select the table(s) required in order to build the relationship click on Add

Making Relationships Click on the field in the primary table and drag to the corresponding field in the secondary table The Edit Relationships window appears Click on the Create button

Referential Integrity Referential integrity helps you ensure the relationships between records are valid It ensures you don’t delete related data

Editing Relationships You can: Display all relationships Display only direct relationships Delete a relationship Remove a table from the Relationships window

A Simple Search Open the table to search Click the Find icon Enter requirements into the dialog box Select Find First or Find Next

Wildcards Wildcard symbols are codes used to allow you to make complex searches for information The Symbols  - any group of characters in this position ? - any single character in this position # - any single digit in this position [ ] - square brackets for inclusions [! ] - square bracket and exclamation marks for exclusions

Finding Specific Values Examples: Fr = Fred, Frank, Francis, France, French J?ne = June, Jane 199# = 1991,1992,1993,1994 . . . . . .1999 Jo[ha]n = John, Joan Min[!t] = Mine, Mind, Mink ...... but not Mint

Find and Replace Click on the Replace command under the Edit drop down menu

Sorting Records Quick Sort allows you to quickly sort the table by your selected field The sort can be either ascending or descending

What is a Filter? Use a filter to temporarily filter out excess information Filter out permanent employees To narrow your focus One customer record Find records with complex criteria Sort records on more than one field and in more than one direction

Filtering Records By Selection Use Filters to get a subset of records sharing a common attribute Filter by Selection

Filtering Records by Form