II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 1. Diversity - Collembola

II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 1. Diversity - Collembola - Protura

II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 1. Diversity - Collembola - Protura - Insecta

II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 2. Biology - spiracles

II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 2. Biology - spiracles - Fusion of segments into three regions: head, thorax, abdomen

II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 2. Biology - spiracles - Fusion of segments into three regions: head, thorax, abdomen - Flight in insects

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 1. Protostomes – blastopore forms mouth a. Lophotrochozoans b. Ecdysozoans 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata b. Hemichordata c. Chordata

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 1. Diversity - sea stars

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 1. Diversity - sea stars - sea cucumbers

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 1. Diversity - sea stars - sea cucumbers - sea urchins

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 2. Biology - “biradial symmetry”

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 2. Biology - “biradial symmetry” - internal skeleton – calcified plates

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 2. Biology - “biradial symmetry” - internal skeleton – calcified plates - water vascular system and tube feet (sieve plate, ring canal, radial canal)

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 2. Biology - “biradial symmetry” - internal skeleton – calcified plates - water vascular system and tube feet (sieve plate, ring canal, radial canal) - filter feeders (Sea Lily), herbivores (sea urchins), predators (sea stars).

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus b. Hemichordata – Acorn Worms

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus b. Hemichordata – Acorn Worms - pharyngeal gill slits - hollow dorsal nerve tube

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters - Pharyngeal Gill Slits

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters - Pharyngeal Gill Slits - Hollow Dorsal Nerve Tube

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters - Pharyngeal Gill Slits - Hollow Dorsal Nerve Tube - Post-anal tail

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters - Pharyngeal Gill Slits - Hollow Dorsal Nerve Tube - Post-anal tail - notochord – a rigid supporting rod

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters 1. Urochordata - Tunicates

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters 1. Urochordata – Tunicates - 4 traits as larva

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters 1. Urochordata – Tunicates - 4 traits as larva - mobile as larva

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters 1. Urochordata – Tunicates - 4 traits as larva - mobile as larva - become sedentary as adults (filter)

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters 2. Cephalochordata – Lancelets

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters 2. Cephalochordata – Lancelets - 4 traits - burrowers - filter feeders

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata - four traits

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata - four traits - vertebral column

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata - four traits - vertebral column - trends:

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata - four traits - vertebral column - trends: - increased locomotion

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata - four traits - vertebral column - trends: - increased locomotion - increased cephalization

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata - four traits - vertebral column - trends: - increased locomotion - increased cephalization - adaptations to land

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata a. Origin of Vertebrates - filter feeding ancestor (lancelet-like) mya - Pikaea

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata a. Origin of Vertebrates

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata b. Jawless Fishes – (Class: Agnatha) - Early: Ostracoderms – filter feeding

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata b. Jawless Fishes – (Class: Agnatha) - Current: lampreys, hagfishes: parasitic

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - gill arches

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - gill arches - evolved to jaws

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - gill arches - evolved to jaws - increase feeding

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - gill arches - evolved to jaws - increase feeding - priority on locomotion

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - gill arches - evolved to jaws - increase feeding - priority on locomotion - Cephalization

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms(extinct – survived to Permian) dominant predators paired appendages for swimming

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms(extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) also efficient paired fins - sharks - skates, rays - ratfish

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms(extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes)

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms(extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms(extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton - air sac for respiration

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms(extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton - air sac for respiration - in Ray-finned: swim bladder (light, buoyant, fast)

- Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton - air sac for respiration - in Ray-finned: swim bladder (light, buoyant, fast) - in Lobe-finned and lungfish: evolved jointed fins… could support weight on land, and breath with air sac. (Devonian – 400my

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Evolved in Devonian (375 mya) - Lungfish - fed on abundant terrestrial Arthropods

Ichthyostegids

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders - small lungs, respiratory skin must stay moist

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders - small lungs, respiratory skin must stay moist - eggs must stay moist

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles – evolved in Carboniferous (325 mya)

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles - amniotic egg with shell

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles - amniotic egg with shell - kidney to produce concentrated urine

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles - amniotic egg with shell - kidney to produce concentrated urine - scales to reduce water loss from skin

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata f. Birds: evolved over 200 mya ago

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata f. Birds - feathers – homeothermy and flight

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata f. Birds - feathers – homeothermy and flight - “one way” lung – more efficient

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals:

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - evolved over 200 mya ago, too (remember from what?)

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - evolved over 200 mya ago, too - hair (homeothermy)

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - evolved over 200 mya ago, too - hair (homeothermy) - nurse young (increase survival of young)

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - evolved over 200 mya ago, too - hair (homeothermy) - nurse young (increase survival of young) - Development: lay eggs (Monotremes)

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - evolved over 200 mya ago, too - hair (homeothermy) - nurse young (increase survival of young) - Development: lay eggs (Monotremes) embryo born, nursed (Marsupials)

II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - evolved over 200 mya ago, too - hair (homeothermy) - nurse young (increase survival of young) - Development: lay eggs (Monotremes) embryo born, nursed (Marsupials) develop to independence (Placentals)