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Our partner in learning… The Brain Our partner in learning…

Our Brain: Essence and Existence

“FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS.”

Phrenology

New Technologies Yield “Explosion” of Data CT EEG MRI fMRI PET

BASIC BRAIN FACTS……. The average brain weights 3 lbs The brain needs food/sleep/stimulation Development is influenced by critical periods The brain is 90-95% of it’s full size by age 6 The brain has a massive re-organization between birth and 1-year & 12-15 The brain can repair itself (plasticity) The brain is always learning

Why study the brain? Treat diseases of the brain: Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, epilepsy, depression, learning disabilities, etc. To see what happens to a person’s behavior when they are under the influence of drugs Understand the causes of violent behavior Change someone’s IQ?

The Cerebral cortex… The majority of the brain in humans 1/10” thick Called the “Bark” or “Grey Matter” Contains 70% of Neurons in Central Nervous System Corticalization=Wrinkling of brain increases its size

2 Hemispheres Left Brain Focus on details Interprets/recognizes language Analyzes and evaluates facts Time Sequencing Right Brain Processes images/visual patterns Language through context(body language/tone of voice) Recognizes places, faces & patterns

Two hemispheres connected by… The corpus callosum

Corpus Callosum

The Lobes The Frontal Lobe The Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe

Cerebellum

Frontal Lobe Critical thinking Reasoning Analysis Planning Social behavior Insight Judgment Self-control

Phineas Gage

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Impulse control Goal directed behavior Amount of attention given to thought/behavior Ability to focus See the world from another perspective Make decisions when in conflict

Deep Inside the Brain The Limbic System Hippocampus Thalamus Amygdala Hypothalamus

Language Center of the brain.. Wernicke= Language Center Broca= Speech Center

Wernicke

Disorders of Language.. Aphasia= Partial or total loss of ability to articulate ideas Agnosia= Inability to identify objects Facial Agnosia(Prosopagnosia)= Inability to recognize faces

Life sustaining brain structures Medulla=breathing, swallowing, digestion, heartbeat Pons=sleep & arrousal Reticular Formation= arousal, attention, reflexes Cerebellum= balance, coordinated movement