Joy Kirchner Auburn University Libraries May 8, 2015 UNDERSTANDING SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION FRAMING THE ISSUES ACRL Scholarly Communication Roadshow: From Understanding to Engagement

DEFINING SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION  Scholarly communications is the process by which scholarship is produced, supported, managed, and communicated, and includes all those involved in supporting the life-cycle of scholarship. - Joy Kirchner, University of British Columbia  The processes through which research and other scholarly writings are created, evaluated for quality, disseminated to the scholarly community, and preserved for future use. - Association for Research Libraries  Incorporates and expands on the more familiar concept of scholarly publishing and includes both informal and formal networks used by scholars to develop ideas, exchange information, build and mine data, certify research, publish findings, disseminate results, and preserve outputs. This vast and changing system is central to the academic enterprise. – Lee Van Orsdel, Dean of Libraries, Grand Valley State University  Publishing, communication, and information exchange are all undergoing rapid change, at a time when innovative scholarship is opening up many new fields of study and techniques of inquiry. – University of Minnesota Libraries

SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

PARTICIPANTS

IP/legal system publishing industry scholarly societies faculty rewards system (p&t) Internet culture disciplinary practice higher education research industry funders SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION: A SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS

PARTICIPANTS researchers authors administrators students editors peer reviewers and… others? LIBRARIES

LIFECYCLE OF SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING

FunctionOld SystemNew System FormulationAlone or in laboratory with graduate students and colleagues And… With colleagues all over the web RegistrationJournal submission Book publication Conference presentation Working paper / Technical Report And… Blogs Disciplinary repositories Open notebooks CertificationPublishers through peer review Universities indirectly through promotion and tenure And… Accuracy/good science review (PloS One) Open peer review DisseminationLibraries Publishers – journals and monographs Scholarly societies through publications & conferences Abstract and Indexing Services And… Blogs Repositories Google et al. Funding agency mandates ArchivingLibrariesAnd… Collaborations: Portico & HathiTrust Repositories Publishers

PRESSURES

SOCIAL Márcio Duarte, from The Noun Project (CC-BY 3.0)

SOCIAL

Internet, by OCHA AVMU, CC-0 Cell Phone Signal, Sagar Shastry, from The Noun Project (CC-BY 3.0) Tablet, Luis Prado from The Noun Project (CC-BY 3.0) TECHNOLOGICAL

Octocat by GitHub

POLITICAL Congress, Jonathan Higley from The Noun Project (CC-BY 3.0)

POLITICAL/POLICY CIHR NSERC SSHRC Wellcome Trust Finch report RCUK NIH NSF OSTP & FASTR State bills

ECONOMIC Money, Lemon Liu, from The Noun Project (CC-BY 3.0)

ECONOMIC

TYPICAL ECONOMY

new knowledge promotion tenure reputation profit supporting organization access to knowledge preservation curriculum research needs

society journals university press-owned journals commercial publisher-owned journals

OPPORTUNITIES

Open access literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. - Peter Suber OPEN ACCESS

OPEN ACCESS ARCHIVING Source: maps.repository66.org

 Has taken time for impact factors and reputation to build  Business models still emerging  Article-fee model has better traction in the STM community  Rising of an OA publishing trade organization for legitimate OA publishers (OASPA) and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) that lists journals with acceptable publishing practices OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING

Open to contributions and participation Open and free to access for all Open to use & reuse w/few or no restrictions Open to interoperability & machine readable WHAT DO WE MEAN BY OPEN?

FROM… are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries.

PARTICIPATE in BUILDING and CONTRIBUTE EXPERTISE Octocat® is a registered trademark of the GitHub, Inc.

FROM… ©Amanda Munoz, used with permission under CC-BYAmanda MunozCC-BY

OPEN and FREE TO ACCESS ©OpenSourceWay, used with permission under CC BY-SAOpenSourceWayCC BY-SA

FROM…

OPEN TO USE and REUSE WITH FEW or NO RESTRICTIONS

FROM… ©Wellcome Images, used with permission under CC BY-NC-NDWellcome ImagesCC BY-NC-ND

OPEN TO USE and REUSE WITH FEW or NO RESTRICTIONS ©OpenSourceWay, used with permission under CC BY-SACC BY-SA

FROM… ©Kevin Harber, used with permission under CC BY-NC-NDKevin HarberCC BY-NC-ND

I NTEROPERABLE and M ACHINE R EADABLE ©24oranges.nl, used with permission under CC BY-SA24oranges.nlCC BY-SA

“open” has many flavors “open” has many flavors repositories e-journals working papers data banks preprints Open textbooks

OPEN MOVEMENTS  Open access  Public access  Open source  Open education  Open data  Open science  Open books  Open peer review….

 Generally enabled by technology  Works both inside and outside of traditional models  Supported by a variety of business models  Democratization of information COMMONALITIES

OA DEFINITION Open access literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. Peter Suber

2 PATHS TO OPEN ACCESS MANUSCRIPT …. Open Access journal (PLOS Medicine; Biomedcentral, DOAJ) Open access copy in online archive (Institutional repositories ; Pubmed Central) Traditional subscription access journals Articles can be made OA by publishing in an OA journal or self archiving OA copies from a traditional publication gold New Models of Scholarship green

OPENING THE ACADEMY… ©Taki Steve, used with permission under CC BYTaki SteveCC BY

Sciences Social SciencesHumanities SUCCESS STORIES

OPEN EDUCATION/OPEN SCHOLARSHIP (BLENDED FORMS)

CROSS-DISCIPLINARY OPENNESS Source: NASANASA

OPENNESS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Source: Screengrab from OSM Tasking Manager (

OPENNESS IN THE HUMANITIES © Bettinche, used with permission under CC BY-NCBettincheCC BY-NC

INNOVATIONS IN COMMUNICATION Source: Screengrabs from PeerJ and PaperCriticPeerJ PaperCritic

INNOVATIONS IN MEASURING “IMPACT” Source: Screengrabs from altmetrics.org, impactstory.org, jlsc-pub.org

OPENNESS IN LIBRARIES  OA resolutions & policies  OA resources in our collections  OA negotiations with publishers  Copyright & author rights support services  Open Education services  Open data services  Institutional repositories  Faculty scholarship  ETDs  Digital collections  Data archiving

LIBRARY PUBLISHING/ DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP CENTERS University of Michigan’s Mpublishing Amherst College Library Publishing Toolkit – SUNY Geneseo Library Publishing Coalition Partnerships with University Presses

CONVERGENCE/CAMPUS PARTNERSHIPS

DATA SERVICES

QUESTIONS?

 Slide 19: Money, Nathan Thomson, from The Noun Project (CC BY 3.0)  Slide 20:  Article, Sébastien Desbenoit, from The Noun Project (CC BY 3.0)  Book icon, Eric Vaughn Miller, from the Noun Project (CC BY 3.0)  Money, Nathan Thomson, from The Noun Project (CC BY 3.0 ) ATTRIBUTION Portions of this work were originally created by Lee Van Ordsel and Sarah Shreeves, and was revised by Amy Buckland and Joy Kirchner in April This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of the license see

A World Café- type exercise DISCUSSING THE ISSUES