Analyzing pressure responses to Earth tides for monitoring CO 2 migration Kozo Sato Geosystem Engineering The University of Tokyo
Objective Monitoring techs for geological sequestration seismic (4D, VSP, cross-well tomography) non-seismic (electromagnetic, gravity, tilting, logging) Alternative technique? cost-effective labor-saving Utilize pressure responses to Earth tides perturbation by the M and the S (no artificial energy required) pressure measurements only (no extra operation required)
Outline Objective Tidal deformations Earth tide Cubic dilatation Calculation of Cubic dilatation Poroelasticity Tidal signals in pressure responses Results and discussion Concluding remarks
Tidal deformations Earth tide Tidal deformation (cyclic compaction and expansion) of the solid Earth phenomenon similar to ocean tides the gravitational attraction of the solar system bodies: M and S
Tidal deformations Cubic dilatation cubic dilatation (trace of strain matrix) normal stresses and strains near the Earth surface free surface boundary condition
Tidal deformations Calculation of cubic dilatation as a linear combination of Y and its derivatives w.r.t. Y: spherical harmonics defining tidal potential sample calculation of (an onshore site, Nagaoka, Japan) (latitude: 37.40, longitude: )
Outline Objective Tidal deformations Poroelasticity Deformations and pressure fluctuation and CO 2 migration Tidal signals in pressure responses Results and discussion Concluding remarks
Poroelasticity Deformations and pressure fluctuation tidal deformation induces pressure fluctuation p Biot-Gassmann equation poroelastic parameter
Poroelasticity and CO 2 migration K f for the H 2 O-CO 2 system as a function of S CO2
Poroelasticity and CO 2 migration K f for the H 2 O-CO 2 system as a function of S CO2 K CO2 =0.003~0.07GPa, K w increases as S CO2 increases: =AS CO2 +B = / p : a good indicator for monitoring the CO 2 migration
Outline Objective Tidal deformations Poroelasticity Tidal signals in pressure responses Pressure responses Retrieving p(t) from p(t) Results and discussion Concluding remarks
Tidal signals in pressure responses Pressure responses long-term pressure trend p t (t) associated with a certain event, s.a. CO 2 sequestration
Tidal signals in pressure responses Pressure responses long-term pressure trend p t (t) associated with a certain event, s.a. CO 2 sequestration total pressure response p(t) : superposition of p t (t) and p(t) p(t): tidal signal induced by the Earth tide
Tidal signals in pressure responses Retrieving p(t) from p(t) model the long-term pressure trend with the cubic spline retrieve the tidal signals p(t)p(t)pt(t)pt(t)
Tidal signals in pressure responses Retrieving p(t) from p(t) model the long-term pressure trend with the cubic spline retrieve the tidal signals p(t)p(t)pt(t)pt(t) p(t)p(t)
Outline Objective Tidal deformations Poroelasticity Tidal signals in pressure responses Results and discussion Monitoring at a sequestration test field Estimation of Detection of CO 2 arrival Concluding remarks
Results and discussion Monitoring at a sequestration test field onshore aquifer, Nagaoka, Japan sandston bed, thickness: 60m, depth: 1100m injection well: CO2-1, Zone-2a (6m) and Zone-2b (6m) monitoring wells: CO2-2, CO2-3, CO2-4 CO2-4 CO2-2 CO2-3 CO2-1 60m 120m 40m logging pressure measurements logging
Results and discussion Monitoring at a sequestration test field pressure measurement time-lapse sonic logging (compressional wave velocity)
Results and discussion Monitoring at a sequestration test field is it possible to detect CO 2 arrival only with pressure data? =AS CO2 +B
Results and discussion Estimation of ( days) calculation of
Results and discussion Estimation of ( days) p retrieved from the pressure data
Results and discussion Estimation of ( days) = / p scaled to match the p profile
Results and discussion Estimation of ( days) = / p scaled to match the p profile
Results and discussion Estimation of ( days) calculation of
Results and discussion Estimation of ( days) p retrieved from the pressure data
Results and discussion Estimation of ( days) = / p scaled to match the p profile
Results and discussion Estimation of ( days) = / p scaled to match the p profile
Results and discussion Detection of CO 2 arrival
Results and discussion Detection of CO 2 arrival time-lapse estimation (13 intervals)
Results and discussion Detection of CO 2 arrival time-lapse estimation (13 intervals) =AS CO2 +B
Results and discussion Detection of CO 2 arrival time-lapse estimation (13 intervals) =AS CO2 +B
Results and discussion Detection of CO 2 arrival time-lapse estimation (13 intervals) =AS CO2 +B
Outline Objective Tidal deformations Poroelasticity Tidal signals in pressure responses Results and discussion Concluding remarks
The poroelastic parameter , a function of S CO2, can be estimated from p and . The CO 2 migration can be monitored with time- lapse estimations of . The technique is applicable to well-developed sites (depleted o/g reservoirs).