1. Field Studies on CO 2 Monitoring In Salah (Algeria) 2004 –. Commercial- scale. Gas reservoir. Test-bed for CO 2 monitoring technologies ($30mm Research project)

2. TechnologyStatus 4D Seismic/VSP Programme recommended – KEY TECHNOLOGY 4D Gravity Modelling completed – marginal response Tracers Commenced 2006 4D Electrical/EM Initial modelling suggests no response Dynamic modelling Building new model in Eclipse Flow meter surveys Reviewed and Not Recommended Wellhead CO 2 Monitoring Sampling programme ongoing Formation water chem. Analyses incorporated in Shared Earth Model Injection monitoring Ongoing by JV Rock-fluid/Pressure Interactions Studies ongoing in Norway Specialist CO 2 modelling Part of geochemistry studies ongoing in Norway Microseismic Programme recommended- awaiting info on access to suspended wells In Salah Monitoring * Iain Wright (CO 2 Project Manager, BP Group Technology) EU-OPEC CCS Conference, Riyadh, September 21 st 2006

3. Pre-cursor 3D

4. Sleipner (Norway) 1996 – 2006. Commercial-scale. Saline formation. 4-D seismic surveys: 1994, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2005

8. Weyburn (Canada). 2000 -. Commercial- scale, Oil reservoir, EOR. Seismic monitoring: 4-D surveys, microseismic, horizontal-horizontal cross-well, 3D VSP

9. * Don White (Geological Survey of Canada)

11. Some Other Field/Pilot Scale Tests Snohvit (Norway 2006) Otway (Australia) K12B Kansas Geological Survey's 4-D Seismic Monitoring of CO 2 Injection project (Hall-Gurney Field ) The Frio Brine Pilot experiment Rio Vista Gas Reservoir Teapot Lost Hill, CA CO 2 monitoring at a pilot-scale CO2 injection site in Nagaoka, Japan West Pearl Queen reservoir Pembina Cardium, Alberta, Canada ……

13. Lab Studies of CO 2 Properties Knight and Nolen-Hoeksema (GRL, 1990)

14. (The original figure)

15. Wang, Gates, & Langan (Geophysics, 1998)

17. Myer (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab) 2001 Changes in P-wave velocity for Berea sample saturated with 1.1 Ω–m brine and then flooded with CO2 at 300 psi.

18. Salehi, Gowelly & Batarseh (Gas Technology Institute) 2006

19. Compressional wave velocity under gas and water saturation

20. Seismic is the key technology for CO 2 monitoring Current seismic monitoring projects were done with conventional seismic methods Special seismic methods should be developed for CO 2 monitoring A pilot-scale experiment to verify long-term, low cost monitoring concept that has been studied with our simulations Using our design in In Salah or an EOR field Conclusions