Journalism 8-11/12-14 I can recognize the benefits and everyday representation of the five freedoms. I can recognize the history of American Media.

Pre-test O Please read the directions carefully and answer each question on your own piece of paper. O This is to give us an idea of what you might already know.

Bell Work O Respond to this question in your notebook as a journal entry… O What are the most important 42 words in American history?

The First Amendment Discussion O So what does it really mean? O In pairs (or groups of 3) at your table, write what your group thinks your given freedom means and provide an example O In your group, you should have a O Recorder-a person who writes the group’s responses O Reporter- a person who will speak for your group O Time keeper- keeps the group on task in order to finish in the given time (2-3 mins.) only if you are a group of 3

What your freedom means… Speech The First Amendment says that people have the right to speak freely without government interference. Press The First Amendment gives the press the right to publish news, information and opinions without government interference. This also means people have the right to publish their own newspapers, newsletters, magazines, etc. Religion The First Amendment prohibits government from establishing a religion and protects each person's right to practice (or not practice) any faith without government interference. Petition The First Amendment says that people have the right to appeal to government in favor of or against policies that affect them or that they feel strongly about. This freedom includes the right to gather signatures in support of a cause and to lobby legislative bodies for or against legislation. Assembly The First Amendment says that people have the right to gather in public to march, protest, demonstrate, carry signs and otherwise express their views in a nonviolent way. It also means people can join and associate with groups and organizations without interference.

Why is it important? O Think about what the world might look like without the First Amendment. O Create a quick sketch of what you think that might look like. You could focus on 1 freedom or the entire First Amendment. O Then write a couple of sentences explaining why the First Amendment is so important.

1 st homework assignment O You will need to memorize and present the First Amendment in a creative way (a song, rap, skit, drawing, clippings collage, etc.) O This will be due Friday

Chapter 1 The History of American Media

Vocabulary O Find and write the definitions for the following terms: O Partisan press O Penny press O Yellow journalism O Muckraking O What is a journalist? O Discuss answers

History of American Media O Get the facts!!! O America’s first newspaper… Publick Occurrences O Didn’t look like newspapers today, it was one long sheet and contained letters, essays, and other material O Was published in Boston in 1690 by Benjamin Harris O Only lasted for 1 issue (the British colonial authorities did not like what Harris printed O We were still a British Colony

14 years later… O 14 years later the colonies has their 1 st continuously published newspaper… the Boston News-Letter O Started by John Campbell in 1704 O Published “by authority”- it had the government’s approval O As pioneers moved south and west, more papers appeared

Establishment of Freedom of the Press O In 1791, the First Amendment ratified and guarantees a free press. O After the Revolution hundreds of newspapers opened all over the new land. O Most carried little actual news, they were filled with essays, letters, editorials, and a few ads. O In 1833, Benjamin Day founded the New York Sun and filled it with news- he sold it for 1 penny (The Penny Press).

Partner Activity O Interview a partner to get answers to the following questions: O What newspapers, if any, do you read? Which newspapers do members of your family read? O Which news programs, including specials, have you watched recently? O Where do you get your information about world and local events? O Do you use the Internet? What do you primarily use it for? O How well informed about what’s going on in the world would you say you are?

The Telegraph O The telegraph was used to report stories about the Civil War. O To make sure the stories were transmitted (in case the telegraph broke down), reporters became more concise and developed the inverted pyramid format (giving most important facts in the first few sentences).

Yellow Journalism O The late 19 th century became the age of “yellow journalism”. O This refers to unethical, irresponsible journalism, involving hoaxes, altered photos, frauds, etc. O William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer are the most notable of the yellow journalists. O These newspapers attracted huge audiences

Nellie Bly O Nellie Bly was the name used by Elizabeth Cochrane, a very famous woman journalist. O She was known for her “stunts”- stories in which made the news herself. O She once pretended to be mentally ill and was committed to New York’s Blackwell Island Asylum. She was released 10 days later and wrote a story about the asylum’s poor conditions. O Another famous story was about her trip around the world, Around the World in Eighty Days. She set out to circle the world in 80 days, she did it in 72.

Then came Muckraking… O With the end of the yellow journalism era, newspapers developed a significant social consciousness. O Many crusaded for child labor laws, promoted hospitals, collected money for the needy, etc. O Theodore Roosevelt coined the term muckrakers which was used to criticize the crusading journalists.

Then there was Radio O In 1906, Dr. Lee De Forest made possible the medium of radio. O De Forest made the first newscast in 1916.

ABC, NBC, CBS was born O The National Broadcast Company (NBC) was formed in O The Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) was formed in O The Mutual Broadcasting System went on air in 1934, when part of NBC’s network was sold in 1945, it was renamed the American Broadcasting Company (ABC).

Then came TV O The first television newscast was in the late 1940s. O By the 1960s more than 60 million TV sets were in use. O 30 yrs. Later that number exceeded 90 million O With the birth of TV, newspapers began to put more emphasis on examining the background of current events and covering trends in depth. O In the 1990s, TV reverted back to yellow journalism with daytime talk shows featuring dysfunctional guests

Finally News on the Net O The birth of the internet has changed the ways in which news is presented. O There is now no shortage of space (unlike the numbered pages of newspapers or time limits in TV programming). O You now have the ability to reach a broader audience

Exit Slip O Name 1 of the 5 freedoms listed in the First Amendment. O Name 1 key person in the history of journalism and explain why that person is important.