APA & MLA: AN OVERVIEW OF DOCUMENTATION STYLES THE REFERENCE LIST THE WORKS CITED AND PARENTHETICAL (IN-TEXT) DOCUMENTATION Presented by the CASA Writing Center, Fall 2010 Created by: Chelsea, Gillian, Dawn, & Melissa

Citation Styles  APA  Social Sciences, Nursing, Education  Focus on the overall idea  Clear, concise writing  MLA  Humanities writing  Focus on lines/words  Chicago-Turabian  Historians  Contains supplemental information in foot notes  Focus on primary sources

Things to Remember about APA Format  Typed, double-spaced, one inch margins all the way around  Title page  Abstract – words  The References list starts on separate page  References (as a title) should be centered  The References list should be in alphabetical order

Reference List: Book by a Single Author  Author’s Last Name, Author’s First (and if included) Middle initial(s). (Year of Publication). Title of the book. City of Publication: Publication Company.  Example:  Gleick, J. (1987). Chaos: Making a new science. New York: Penguin.

In-text Citation: Book by a Single Author  (Author’s Last Name, year) period Example:  (Gleick, 1987).  If it is a direct quote, include the page number. Example:  (Gleick, 1987, p.18).

Definitions  Periodical – magazines, journals, newspapers  Database – electronic library that provides access to periodicals, books, and much more.  DOI: digital object identifier – used to identify digital copies

Reference List: Scholarly journal article (print)  Author(s). (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal Volume (Issue), pages.  Example:  Bagchi, A. (1996). Conflicting nationalisms: The voice of the subaltern. Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 15(1),

Reference List : Book by more than one author  Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of the book. Publication Location: Publication Company.  Example:  Gillespie, P. & Lerner, N. (2000). The Allyn and Bacon guide to peer tutoring. Boston: Allyn.

Reference List : Article or Chapter in an Edited Book  Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pages of chapter). Location: Publisher.  Example:  O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp ). New York, NY: Springer.

Reference List : Online periodical article with no DOI  Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number (issue if applicable). Retrieved from Example:  Kenneth, I. A. & Smithson, B.T. (2000). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights. Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8. Retrieved from

Reference List : Online periodical article with DOI  Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number (issue if applicable). pages-pages. doi:00.000/ Example: Herbst-Damn, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005) Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of the terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24(1), doi: /

Reference List: Non-periodical web document  Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of document. Retrieved from address Example:  Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderland, L., & Brizee, A. (2010, May 5). General format. Retrieved from generalformat

Reference List: Online reference source with no known author  Sample:  Heuristic. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11 th ed.). Retrieved from:  OLPC Peru/Arahuay. (n.d.). Retrieved from the OLPC Wiki:

In-text citation: Website with no author  When a work has no identified author, cite in text the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the title) and the year. Use double quotation marks around the title of an article, a chapter, or a web page (Per APA 6.15).  For example,  On free care (“Study Finds,” 2007).

Works Cited: a book by a single author  Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title of the Book. City of Publication: Publication Company, year of publication. Medium of Publication.  Sample book citation:  Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, Print.

In-text citation: a book by a single author  (Author’s Last Name page number)period  Example:  (Gleick 87).

Works Cited: a book by more than one author  Author A Last Name, Author A First Name, and Author B First name Author B Last Name. Title of the Book. Publication Location: Publication Company. Year of publication. Medium of Publication.  Example:  Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, Print.

In-text citation: a book by more than one author  (Author A Last Name Author B Last Name)period  Example:  (Gillespie and Lerner 68).

Works Cited: a scholarly journal article (print)  Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): pages. Medium of publication.  Example:  Bagchi, Alaknanda. "Conflicting Nationalisms: The Voice of the Subaltern in Mahasweta Devi's Bashai Tudu." Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 15.1 (1996): Print.

Works Cited: a scholarly journal article (online database)  Author Last Name, Author First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume.Issue (year of publication): page numbers. Database Name. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.  Example:  Langhamer, Claire. “Love and Courtship in Mid- Twentieth-Century England.” Historical Journal 50.1 (2007): ProQuest. Web. 27 May 2009.

Works Cited: A work in an anthology  Author Last Name, First name. "Title of Essay." Title of Collection. Ed. Editor's Name(s). Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Page range of entry. Medium of Publication.  Harris, Muriel. "Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers." A Tutor's Guide: Helping Writers One to One. Ed. Ben Rafoth. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, Print.

Works Cited: A work in an anthology (volume and edition)  Author Last Name, First name. "Title of Essay.” Year. Title of Collection. Ed. Editor's Name(s). Edition number. Volume. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Page range of entry. Medium of Publication.  Example:  Stowe, Harriet Beecher. “Sojourner Truth, the Libyan Sibyl.” The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. 5 th ed. Vol. B. Boston: Houghton, Print.

Works Cited: An Entire Website (unknown author)  Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access.  Example:  The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, Web. 13 Oct

In-text citation: An Entire Website (unknown author)  (Shortened title of web page page number (if available)period  (Purdue Owl Family).

Works Cited: A Page from a Website (no author)  Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). “Name of Page.” Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation(if available). Medium of publication. Date of access.  “MLA Works Cited: Electronic Sources (Web Publications).” The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, Web. 13 Oct

In-text citation: A Page from a Website (no author)  (“Shortened title of page from website” page number if available)period  Example:  (“MLA Works Cited”).

Review: In-text Citations for Print Sources with Known Author  For Print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Review: In-text Citations for Print Sources with Known Author  Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as "symbol-using animals" (3). Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3).

In-text Citations for Sources with No Known Author  Sample Works Cited:  “The Impact of Global Warming in North America.” GLOBAL WARMING: Early Signs Web. 23 Mar Take the first four to five key words of the title for your in-text citation: (“Impact of Global Warming”).

Recommendations from the WC  Purchase the most recent APA publication manual (guidebook) since the APA are notorious for making crucial changes every eight months or so.

Recommendations from the WC  Purchase the most recent MLA handbook, the seventh edition, since the MLA has also made some significant changes to its style.

Recommendations from the WC  Another valuable (and free!) resource is the OWL Purdue Website   Come into the Writing Center

Game Time!  In-Text Citation Game!