By: Catyana Brown Information Technology in a Global Society: Multimedia

aka raster graphics ◦ images that are composed of a rectangle of small dots higher number of pixels = better resolution Bitmap Graphics Left: 8 mp Right: 5 mp

Resolution ◦ number of pixels in the grid ◦ 1 megapixel = 1 million pixels ◦ Resolution on different screens are different screens are gauged by pixels per inch  Pixels per inch (PPI) : determines how many pixels are displayed in each inch of the output  Dots per inch (DPI) : aka printer resolution – refers to the number of ink dots that a printer produces when creating an image Bit Depth ◦ aka color depth ◦ refers to the number of bits used to store each pixel ◦ higher bit depth = more color Image Storage

Resolution & Bit Depth Storage Requirements Desktop Computers 640 x 480Video Graphics Array (VGA) 800 x 600Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA) 1024 x 768Extended Video Graphics Array (XGA) 1280 x 1024Super Extended Video Graphics Array 1600 x 1200Ultra Extended Video Graphics Array Laptop Computers 1280 x 800Wide Extended Graphic Array (WGA) 1440 x 900Wide Extended Graphic Array (WXGA+) Mobile Phones 120 x 160Common on older phones 540 x 960Common on newer phones Televisions 1280 x p High Definition 1920 x p High Definition (Full HD) Width x height x bit depth

Cntd. Bit Depth Maximum number of colorsStorage required per pixel 121 bit (1/8 byte) 242 bits (1/4 byte) 4164 bits (1/2 byte) byte 1665,5362 bytes 2416,777,2163 bytes 324,294,967,2964 bytes

Cropping ◦ taking a subsection of a photograph and removing everything else Scaling ◦ increasing or reducing the size of a image Cloning ◦ the process of copying one part of an image into another part of an image Layers ◦ commonly used when making composite images ◦ allows several images to be ‘stacked’ on top of one another Digital Manipulations

Filters ◦ changes the contrast and saturation levels ◦ enhance the presence of certain colors Composite Image ◦ editing tools are used to combine two or more images continued.

reduce redundant, repeated data in images Lossless compression ◦ looks for repeated patterns of data and stores them in a manner which requires less space  Also allows the original to be restored Lossy Compression ◦ sacrifices image quality for reduced file size Compression

aka object oriented graphics ◦ composed of objects rather than pixels ◦ can be scaled as large as needed without loss of quality ◦ Ex: clipart photos Vector Graphics Bitmap GraphicsVector Graphics Store data grids of pixelsStore data as mathematical Zooming in reduces qualityNo quality loss when zooming in Increasing size reduces qualityCan easily be resized with no loss of quality Has lower processor requirements, but high memory requirements for large images Requires a fast computer to manipulate complex graphics Images consume lots of storage space Images consume less storage space Perfect for taking photographsNot possible to recreate complex real life scenes (ex. Photographs)

Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) ◦ communication standard for music devices, computers, and music creation software Codec ◦ a piece of software which tells media players how to decode the particular compression format used by that video or audio data Digital Audio