History of Research Project on CCA-Treated Wood Presented October 22, 2004 TAG Meeting

Funding Received from Florida Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Mngt. Florida Power and Light Sarasota County/ Florida Department of Environmental Protection Florida International University/NIEHS Rutgers University/NIEHS University of Florida FICESS Center/NSF Public Health Trust, CA

Helena Solo-Gabriele, Ph.D., P.E., Timothy Townsend, Ph.D. Assoc. Prof., Civil/Environ. EngrgAssoc. Prof., Environ/Solid Waste Engrg Core Team of Faculty Researchers Gabriel Bitton, Ph.D.David Hahn, Ph.D. Professor, Env. Micro/ToxAssoc. Prof., Mechanical – Laser Yong Cai, Ph.D.Stuart Shalat, Sc.D. Assist. Prof., ChemistryAssoc. Prof., Epidemiology/Pesticides Lora Fleming, M.D., Ph.D. Assoc. Prof., Epidemiology/PH Additional Faculty Researchers

Helena Solo-Gabriele, Ph.D., P.E., C.Y. Wu, Ph.D. Assoc. Prof., Civil/Environ. EngrgAssoc. Prof., Environ/Air Pollution Control Engineering Tim Townsend, Ph.D., P.E.Tim Townsend, Ph.D., P.E. Assoc. Prof., Environ/Solid Waste Engrg Today’s Faculty Presenters Joint Meeting

Approx. 32 Students Supported on CCA Projects Since Beginning of Project Today’s Student Presenters Gary Jacobi, M.S. candidate from U.Miami Tomoyuki “Shiba” Shibata, Ph.D. candidate from U.Miami Amy Omae, M.S. candidate from U.Miami Brajesh Dubey, Ph.D. candidate from U.Florida

Original Motivation For Project Ash Disposal Problem, 1995

FCSHWM Year 1 ( )

Year 1: C&D Wood Testing  Processed Wood at C&D Recycling Facilities 6% CCA by Weight

Year 1: Disposal Forecast (Updated 2004) Arsenic (metric tons)

FCSHWM Year 2 ( )

Year 2: Ash Leaching Studies  Leaching Studies, ash  Hazardous when CCA-treated wood represents 5% of wood burned  Solvents can extract metals from ash, citric acid very promising (40 to 100% As removed)

Year 2: Sorting  Sorting Studies, Laboratory  Chemical stains, low capital cost labor intensive  X-ray methods, high capital cost suitable for on-line system UntreatedTreated

Outline of Work Since 1999  In-Service Issues  Impacts on Soil  Runoff and Infiltration (NIEHS funding)  Playgrounds and Children* (NIEHS funding)  Disposal  Leaching New and Weathered Wood  Chemical alternatives to CCA  Sorting Methods*  Mulch Studies*

In-Service: Soil Impacts

In Service: Soil Impacts

Experimental Set-up sandy soil, 2 ft deck gravel rainwater runoff collection vessel Infiltrating rainwater precipitation

Rainfall Arsenic Ground surface FL SCTLS for industrial area: 3.7 mg/kg U.S.EPA SSL : 0.4 mg/kg FL SCTLS for residential area: 0.8 mg/kg Results: As in Soil

Rainfall Arsenic Ground surface Results: As in Soil FL SCTLS for industrial area: 3.7 mg/kg U.S.EPA SSL : 0.4 mg/kg FL SCTLS for residential area: 0.8 mg/kg 6 months

Rainfall Arsenic Ground surface Results: As in Soil FL SCTLS for industrial area: 3.7 mg/kg U.S.EPA SSL : 0.4 mg/kg FL SCTLS for residential area: 0.8 mg/kg 13 months

Rainfall Arsenic Ground surface Results: As in Soil FL SCTLS for industrial area: 3.7 mg/kg U.S.EPA SSL : 0.4 mg/kg FL SCTLS for residential area: 0.8 mg/kg 18 months

As in the runoff water (ug/L) As in the infiltrated water (ug/L) 50 ug/L for Arsenic (U.S.EPA: Drinking water standard, FL criteria for surface water quality classification) As in the runoff water (ug/L) As in the infiltrated water (ug/L)

Disposal  Leaching New and Weathered Wood  Chemical Alternatives to CCA  Sorting Methods  Mulch Studies*

Leaching of CCA-Treated Wood

TCLP Limit Leaching of CCA-Treated Wood TCLP

Field-Scale Leaching 2 Monofills / 2 C&D / 2 MSW Untreated (mg/L) Treated (mg/L) Wood Monofill (100% wood) < – 43 C&D Waste (34% wood) < – 1.8 MSW (2% wood) < – 2.3

Chemical Alternatives: Leaching Synthetic Rainfall

Chemical Alternatives: Aquatic Toxicity Less Toxic CCA CDDC CBA ACQ CC

Laser x-ray UntreatedTreated Test Kits x-ray Sorting

Work Products  8 FCSHWM reports, Finalized (available on-line)  1 FCSHWM reports, Draft (available on-line)  2 FCSHWM reports, Pending  9 peer-reviewed journal articles published and 1 in press, 1 accepted, 3 submitted  Plus approx 40 conference proceedings and other papers

Questions? technical reports available at: