Learning Target E1: I can explain the links between science, technology, engineering and math.

SCIENCE Science is a process used to discover more about the natural world Explain how the World/Universe works RESULT: facts, models, laws, theories

Technology How we control what happens in the World. Solution to a practical problem. Draws on science & contributes to it. Science leads to technology Technology propels science Examples: inventions, tools, machines, products, systems etc.

NASA Receives Final NRC Report On Space Technology Roadmaps The technology priorities the report identifies are aligned with NASA missions to extend and sustain human activities beyond low Earth orbit, explore the evolution of the solar system and the potential for life elsewhere, and expand our understanding of Earth and the universe in which we live. The report observes that "technological breakthroughs have been the foundation of virtually every NASA success. In addition, technological advances have yielded benefits far beyond space itself in down-to-Earth applications." It also states "future U.S. leadership in space requires a foundation of sustained technology advances." report

Engineering The application of scientific knowledge in developing and applying technology The process of designing a solution to a problem. Its how we address human needs. Identifying a problem and designing a solution for it. Seeking solutions for societal problems and needs The result of Engineering is Technology

Math Engineers apply Science Concepts and Mathematical Techniques Strong Link between Science, Math and Engineering

Learning Target E2: I can explain some of the possible careers in science and engineering

Every manmade object you see, and all of the other technologies that exist have been created by Engineers. Types of Engineers:

Aeronautical Biomedical Mechanical Chemical Civil Electrical and Electronics Environmental Industrial Biomechanical Photonics Computer software Computer hardware Nuclear Metallurgy and Materials Mineral Agricultural

Learning Target E3: I can explain how scientists and engineers from different areas of expertise work together.

Multi-discipline Like Science, Engineering processes require multi- disciplinary contributions and efforts. Civil Engineering Project Example: Such an Multidisciplinary approach has the potential to solve problems on a level adequate for the environmental and economic challenges, reaching highest degrees of efficiency. structural analysis, construction physics, material science, environmental analysis architects & landscape architects, maintenance specialist, utility-provider

If you could have any super power, what would it be?

Engineering Example: Helicopter Video Clip What are 3 different “things” from the helicopter video that needed to be engineered?

Paper Tower Challenge: Build the tallest free standing tower (not supported by anything other than itself) 2 pieces of paper per group 2” of tape per group Must remain standing for 30 seconds Must be completed by _________ Keep going until you have the tallest overall tower.

Learning Target E4: I can explain the Engineering Design process.

How do they “Do” Engineering? Engineers follow a process similar to the way Scientists follow the Scientific Method Engineering Process: Define the problem and the resources available Develop a design Test the design Engineers learn from mistakes Analyze the design Modify the design and test again Use or market it

Science vs. Engineering Processes Scientific Process Purpose Hypothesis and Procedure Run Experiment & Collect Data Analyze Data New Hypothesis Conclusion RESULT: facts, models, theories, laws Engineering Design Define the problem and resources available Develop a design Test the Design Analyze Design Modify the design and test again Use or market it RESULT: Technology - inventions, tools, machines, products, systems

How do they “Do” Engineering? Engineering design is an analytical and creative process To Engineer a solution to a problem… You have to be able to come up with ideas that nobody else has thought of

Modeling Like Scientists, Engineers use models when designing & testing Physical Models Computer Models Mathematical Models Conceptual Models

Learning Target E5: I can explain what engineers must consider when coming up with new designs.

How do they “Do” Engineering? In developing new products, tools, processes and systems, Engineers must consider Manufacturing processes Operation Maintenance Disposal Constraints Toyota MR2

Learning Target E6: I can give examples of constraints in engineering design.

How do they “Do” Engineering? Design under Constraint Constraint: Any known restrictions or limitations that may have an impact on a project Examples: Time Money Available technology We know we need really light & really strong material but that material might not exist… yet Scientific knowledge Teleportation – Entanglement???

How do they “Do” Engineering? Other Design Constraints… Physical Laws (Ex. Conservation of Energy) Physical Properties (Ex. Flexibility, Friction etc.) Political Social Ecological Ethical Optimum Design takes all of these into account and comes to a reasonable compromise No Design is Perfect – There are always trade-offs

Learning Target E7: I can explain why designs and products are continually changing.

Engineering Designs and Products are continually changing due to… Benefits – Better, Easier Ex. Our bags are way better than a caveman’s Cost Ex. Cell phones have become cheaper and cheaper over time Risks Ex. As the human powered helicopter goes higher it will need more safety features

Learning Target E8: I can explain risk analysis and who or what might be at risk.

Risk Risk - The possibility of suffering harm or loss

Risk Technologies Always Have Side Effects Intended Benefits – Unintended Benefits Space exploration technology – Consumer Products

Unintended Benefits Intended Benefits – Unintended Benefits Kevlar

Untended Side Effects Technologies Always Have Side Effects Intended Benefits – Unintended Side Effects College Football – Helmet rule… if your helmet comes off, you have to sit out a play. Seems reasonable – player safety Any idea what happened as a result of the rule? Computers – Eye Strain

Unintended Side Effects Technologies Always Have Side Effects Intended Benefits – Unintended Side Effects Backlit Screens – Sleep "Our study shows that a two-hour exposure to light from self-luminous electronic displays can suppress melatonin by about 22%. Stimulating the human circadian system to this level may affect sleep in those using devices prior to bedtime."

Risk Analysis The development of all projects involves Risk Risk can never be zero, but it can be reduced… Risk Analysis is a systematic method used to identify and analyze potential risks Used by Engineers to determine the positive & negative consequences of using a new technology or design. Once the risk is identified, solutions can be developed to reduce possible impact.

Risk Analysis We know All Technological Systems Can Fail so… Reduce possible effects by Over design Redundancy – built in back-ups Fail in least harmful way

Risk Acceptable Risk vs. Unacceptable Risk How much risk is OK? How much is TOO MUCH? 33,561 people were killed in automobile accidents in 2012… are you still willing to get into a car? Who decides if the risk is acceptable or not? Manufacturer? Consumer? Government?

Risk Analysis Who or What might be at risk? Individuals Society Environment

Learning Target E9: I can design, model and develop an engineering solution to a problem that meets design specifications. E10: I can judge the results of a scientific inquiry or engineering design project by organizing and analyzing data.

Engineering CHALLENGE