Announcements in class 2/5/07 Movie Wed. Don’t miss it! Material will be on the exam. Only one showing. Problem Set 4 is posted online. Print it out yourself.

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Presentation transcript:

Announcements in class 2/5/07 Movie Wed. Don’t miss it! Material will be on the exam. Only one showing. Problem Set 4 is posted online. Print it out yourself. PS 4 is due in class Monday, 2/12/07 PS 5 will be posted Mon. 2/12 and due Wed. 2/21

Outline f-ratio Phosphorous Cycling Carbon Cycling

Nitrate Phytoplankton Upwelling Mixing Vertical Flux N 2 Fixation Rivers Deposition PON DIN Euphotic Zone

f-ratio Upwelling Zone 0.8 Gyre 0.1 Global Average < 0.5 New Production New + Regenerated Production

Sediment traps to catch sinking particles

Sustainable yields

Nitrate Phytoplankton Upwelling Mixing Vertical Flux N 2 Fixation Rivers Deposition PON DIN Euphotic Zone Fishing

New Production Oligotrophic gyres Upwelling regions

↑Annual ↓Perennial r-selected K-selected

Chemical Forms – P PO 4 3- (Phosphate) Organic

The cycling of Phosphorus Dissolved InorganicParticulate Organic uptake excretion Runoff upwellingsinking decomposition Balance maintained via weathering of rock

Chemical Transformations – P Assimilation PO 4 3- → Organic Phytoplankton or other autotrophs Remineralization Organic → PO 4 3- Heterotrophs Excretion Organic → Dissolved Heterotrophs and Autotrophs

Experimental Lakes Area Lake 227

Lake 226 C, N, P Eutrophic algal blooms C, N

Lake 227

Oligotrophic LakeEutrophic Lake micrograms/liter phosphorus> 15 micrograms/liter phosphorus

Chemical forms of Carbon Inorganic –CO 2 –bicarbonate ion HCO 3 - –carbonate ion CO 3 2- Organic (fixed …) Dissolved (DIC and DOC) Particulate (biomass and detritus)

Carbonate Equilibrium CO 2 «» HCO 3 - «» CO 3 2- dissolved bicarbonate carbonate CO 2 ↑ HCO 3 - ↑ CO 3 2- ↑ pH ↓ Ocean pH 8.2

Source NASA

Source R. Rohde

C Cycle “Food Web” Diagram P Z B Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Dissolved Organic Carbon Main Thermocline CO 2 Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Dissolved Organic Carbon Deep Remineralization Sinking Particles

Pteropod Foraminifera Coccolithophore

Carbon Solubility Pump –Solubility of CO 2 is greater in cooler water –Deep water formation ↑DIC –C pumped from atmosphere to ocean Biological Pump –POC and PIC sinking, DOC downwelling –C pumped from surface ocean to depth

Deep Water Formation Source: USC

Thermohaline circulation

Saharan Dust Storm Over the Atlantic

The Cycling of Silicon Dissolved InorganicParticulate Organic uptake Runoff upwellingsinking dissolution Balance maintained via weathering of rock