1. Carbon Dioxide and Carbonate system Carbon cycle - Why is it important? 1. Regulates temperature of the planet 2. Important for life in the ocean 3. Regulates the pH of water

2. How much CO 2 can you sink in the ocean? Process that control CO 2 absorption in the ocean Chemical Biological Physical Carbon Cycle

4. CO 2 Temperature

5. CO 2 changes in the last 300 yr

6. CO 2 changes in the last 50 yr Oceans Biosphere Rock Weathering

7. Greenhouse effect Caused by gases such as CO2 and water vapor that allow sunlight to pass through but trap heat energy (infrared) before it is reradiated back in space! Greenhouses gasses are increasing due to human activities – increasing the average global temperature and causing global worming; How and what are the effects?

8. The Carbonate System from dissolution of Calcium Carbonate from dissolved CO 2 gas sources of inorganic carbon Biology and Physics participate in the equilibrium of the carbonate system NOTE:

9. CO 2 in the ocean

10. Carbonic Acid Bicarbonate Ion Carbon Dioxide and Carbonate system Carbonate

11. High pH Carbon Dioxide and Carbonate system Low pH - +

12. Distribution of Carbon species in water + -

13. Control of pH very rapid reaction in seawater at equilibrium Equilibrium constant hydrogen ion concentration

14. + -

15. Concept of Alkalinity

16. Why is the pH of seawater close to neutral? seawater pH=7.5-8.5 Average is 8.1