Digestion I. Introduction A. Processes The basic digestive processes  Ingestion, Digestion (mechanical and chemical), Absorption (extra-cellular and intracellular),

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Presentation transcript:

Digestion I. Introduction A. Processes The basic digestive processes  Ingestion, Digestion (mechanical and chemical), Absorption (extra-cellular and intracellular), and Elimination. Figure 41.7

B. Parts Overview The basic parts  1. tube (alimentary canal, G-I tract, etc.) and 2. a series of glands (salivary, liver, pancreas, etc.) Figure 41.8

II. Development A. Simplest 1. Direct == Poriferans Figure 33.4 Choanocytes

2. Gastrovascular cavity  Cnidarians through Platyhelminthes Figure 33.10Figure 41.7

B. Complex 1. Alimentary canal == Nemertea through the Chordates Figure 41.8 How is food moved through the tube? What forces are involved? Why have the segmentation of the tube?

III. Mammalian Strategy A. Tube Sections Figure 41.9

2. 2. Functions a. Oral cavity = ingestion, chewing, & chemical digestion b. Pharynx = move & lubricating food c. Esophagus = move, lubricating food, & peristalsis d. Stomach = churn food & chemical digestion

e. Small Intestine = chemical digestion& absorption Figure via surface area Figure 41.13

f. Large Intestine  water absorption & packing

g. Rectal and Anal Canals = packing & elimination muscular wall

B. Glands & Organs 1. Salivary Glands Secrete mucin, salivary amylase, buffers, & antimicrobial agents Saliva to coat food, start carbohydrate digestion, control acidity, and prevent infection

2. Gastric Glands Secrete pepsinogen, HCl, & mucous. Figure begin protein digestion, activate pepsinogen to pepsin, and buffer

3. Liver & Gall Bladder secrete or store bile Figure emulsifies fat

4. Pancreas Pancreas = secrete numerous digestive enzymes Figure 41.12

C. Absorption 1. What are the molecules and the 2. mechanism of absorption for each of the ingested nutrient molecules?

D. Regulation 1. Cephalic A nervous response a. Events: Stimuli related to food Salivary secretions Stimulation of the stomach smooth muscle b. Outcomes:

2. Gastric A nervous response and endocrine input a. Events: Stimuli is the stretching of the stomach wall? Release of stomach secretions Pancreatic enzymesLiver/GB bile release Smooth muscle stimulation b. Outcomes:

IV. Comparisons A. Dentition Adapted to accommodate different diets. Types of teeth = incisors, canines, premolars, & molars Figure 41.16

B. Tubular Divisions Adapted to accommodate different diets. Figure Figure 41.18

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