Thermodynamics Thermodynamics, n. pl. Oxford English Dictionary – The theory of the relations between heat and mechanical energy, and of the conversion.

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Presentation transcript:

Thermodynamics Thermodynamics, n. pl. Oxford English Dictionary – The theory of the relations between heat and mechanical energy, and of the conversion of either into the other.

Laws of Thermodynamics Zeroth Law: Thermal Equilibrium All systems tend towards the same temperature, or thermal equilibrium. Thermal equilibrium= no net flow of heat from one system to another. Example: ice cube melts and warms to room temperature.

Laws of Thermodynamics First Law: Law of conservation of energy. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only modified in form. Example: electromagnetic energy converts to chemical potential in plants during photosynthesis.

Laws of Thermodynamics Second Law: Entropy Heat can never flow naturally from cold to hot objects/substances. All things tend towards greater disorder in regards to energy. Entropy= measure of disorder of system plus surroundings. System- what is being observed; surroundings- environment around system.

Laws of Thermodynamics Second Law Examples: 1.Gas particles naturally spread out throughout a room. (Order to disorder: concentrated on one end of room to being spread out) 2.Water freezing to ice: water becomes more ordered (crystalline), however heat is released to surroundings (disorder). Overall increase in disorder.

Laws of Thermodynamics Third Law: Absolute Zero and Entropy Absolute Zero= 0 Kelvin, all motion of molecules stops. Entropy approaches zero at absolute zero. Therefore, absolute zero temperature cannot naturally happen, because entropy always INCREASES.