1. Temperature vs. Heat

2. Thermal Energy The total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in a system make up thermal energy. The kinetic energy comes from the motion of the particles. The potential energy comes from the ability of each particle to interact with the atoms bonded in a molecule and interaction with neighboring particles. Thermal energy can be transferred from one system to another as heat. Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system.

3. How Temperature Relates to States of Matter Particles in a solid piece of ice are locked into a crystalline structure, so they only vibrate in place. This causes the average kinetic energy to be low therefore ice has low temperatures. The molecules in water have more room to move resulting in more average kinetic energy and higher temperatures Water vapor molecules move very fast, causing even higher average kinetic energy and therefore higher temperatures. Each state of matter has a different average kinetic energy causing them to have different temperatures.

4. Measurements of Temperature Three most common ways to measure temperature are : Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin Fahrenheit is used only in the US 32˚F is freezing point and 212˚F is boiling point Celsius is used by the majority of the world 0˚C is the freezing point and 100˚C is the boiling point The Kelvin scale is based on absolute zero (-273˚C or -460˚F)

5. Converting Temperatures

6. Example Problems: The thermometer outside reads 25˚C. What is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit? A sick student has a fever of 101˚F. What is the temperature in degrees Celsius?

7. Converting Temperatures

8. Example Problems: What is 13˚C in Kelvin? The temperature on the surface of the Sun is 5778K. How hot is the Sun in degrees Celsius?