Fig. 7-00

Photosynthetic Protists Photosynthetic Bacteria Fig. 7-01 PHOTOSYNTHETIC AUTOTROPHS Plants (mostly on land) Photosynthetic Protists (aquatic) Photosynthetic Bacteria (aquatic) LM Forest plants Kelp, a large alga Micrograph of cyanobacteria

Plants (mostly on land) Fig. 7-01a Plants (mostly on land) Forest plants

Photosynthetic Protists Fig. 7-01b Photosynthetic Protists (aquatic) Kelp, a large alga

Photosynthetic Bacteria Fig. 7-01c Photosynthetic Bacteria (aquatic) LM Micrograph of cyanobacteria

Fig. 7-02-1 Vein CO2 Stomata O2 Leaf cross section

Inner membrane Outer membrane Chloroplast Vein Granum Stroma Thylakoid Fig. 7-02-2 Inner membrane Outer membrane Chloroplast Vein Granum Stroma Thylakoid CO2 Stomata O2 LM Leaf cross section Interior cell TEM

Fig. 7-02a Vein CO2 O2 Stomata Leaf cross section

Chloroplast Inner membrane Outer membrane Granum Stroma Thylakoid Fig. 7-02b Inner membrane Chloroplast Outer membrane Granum Stroma Thylakoid TEM

Fig. 7-03-1 H2O Light Chloroplast Light reactions ATP NADPH O2

H2O CO2 Light Calvin Light cycle reactions O2 NADP+ ADP P ATP NADPH Fig. 7-03-2 H2O CO2 Light Chloroplast NADP+ ADP P Calvin cycle Light reactions ATP NADPH O2 Sugar (C6H12O6)

Micro- waves Radio waves Infrared Fig. 7-04 Increasing wavelength 10–5 nm 10–3 nm 1 nm 103 nm 106 nm 1 m 103 m Micro- waves Radio waves Gamma rays X-rays UV Infrared Visible light 380 400 500 600 700 750 Wavelength (nm) Wavelength = 580 nm

Wavelength of light (nm) Fig. 7-05 Light Prism Microscope slide Bacterium Number of bacteria Algal cells 400 500 600 700 Wavelength of light (nm)

Light Reflected light Chloroplast Absorbed light Transmitted light Fig. 7-06 Light Reflected light Chloroplast Absorbed light Transmitted light

Light Reflected light Chloroplast Absorbed light Transmitted light Fig. 7-06a Light Reflected light Chloroplast Absorbed light Transmitted light

Fig. 7-06b

Fig. 7-07

(a) Absorption Excited state of a photon Light Heat Fig. 7-08 (a) Absorption of a photon Excited state e– Light Heat Light (fluorescence) Photon Ground state Chlorophyll molecule (b) Fluorescence of a glow stick

e– Excited state Light Heat Light (fluorescence) Photon Ground state Fig. 7-08a Excited state e– Light Heat Light (fluorescence) Photon Ground state Chlorophyll molecule (a) Absorption of a photon

(b) Fluorescence of a glow stick Fig. 7-08b (b) Fluorescence of a glow stick

Fig. 7-09-1 Chloroplast

Fig. 7-09-2 Chloroplast Pigment molecules Thylakoid membrane

Chloroplast Thylakoid membrane Photosystem Transfer of energy Fig. 7-09-3 Chloroplast Pigment molecules Photon Primary electron acceptor Reaction center Electron transfer Reaction- center chlorophyll a Antenna pigment molecules Transfer of energy Thylakoid membrane Photosystem

Primary electron acceptor Light Reaction- center chlorophyll H2O Fig. 7-10-1 Primary electron acceptor 2e – Light Reaction- center chlorophyll H2O 2e – Water-splitting photosystem 2 H + + O2

Electron transport chain Fig. 7-10-2 Energy to make ATP Primary electron acceptor 2e – Electron transport chain Light Reaction- center chlorophyll H2O 2e – Water-splitting photosystem 2 H + + O2

Electron transport chain Fig. 7-10-3 Primary electron acceptor NADP 2e – Energy to make ATP Primary electron acceptor 2e – NADPH 2e – Light Electron transport chain Light Reaction- center chlorophyll Reaction- center chlorophyll NADPH-producing photosystem H2O 2e – Water-splitting photosystem 2 H + + O2

– Fig. 7-11 To Calvin cycle Light Light Stroma ATP Thylakoid synthase NADPH ATP ADP  P NADP H Stroma Electron transport chain Thylakoid membrane Photosystem Photosystem ATP synthase Inside thylakoid Electron flow 2e – H H H2O H H H+ O2

– To Calvin cycle Light Light Stroma ATP Thylakoid synthase membrane Fig. 7-11a To Calvin cycle Light H Light NADPH ATP ADP  P NADP H Stroma Electron transport chain Thylakoid membrane Photosystem Photosystem ATP synthase Inside thylakoid Electron flow 2e – H H H2O H H H O2

– – – – – – – ATP NADPH Water-splitting photosystem NADPH-producing Fig. 7-12 e – ATP e – e – NADPH e – e – e – Photon e – Photon Water-splitting photosystem NADPH-producing photosystem

Three-carbon molecule Fig. 7-13-1 CO2 (from air) P RuBP sugar Three-carbon molecule P P Calvin cycle

Three-carbon molecule Fig. 7-13-2 CO2 (from air) P RuBP sugar Three-carbon molecule ATP P P ADP  P Calvin cycle NADPH NADP G3P sugar P

Three-carbon molecule Fig. 7-13-3 CO2 (from air) P RuBP sugar Three-carbon molecule ATP P P ADP  P Calvin cycle NADPH NADP G3P sugar G3P sugar P P G3P sugar Glucose (and other organic compounds) P

Three-carbon molecule Fig. 7-13-4 CO2 (from air) P RuBP sugar Three-carbon molecule ATP P P ADP  P ADP  P Calvin cycle NADPH ATP NADP G3P sugar G3P sugar P P G3P sugar Glucose (and other organic compounds) P

C4 Pathway (example: sugarcane) CAM Pathway (example: pineapple) Fig. 7-14 ALTERNATIVE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS C4 Pathway (example: sugarcane) CAM Pathway (example: pineapple) Cell type 1 CO2 CO2 Night Four-carbon compound Four-carbon compound CO2 CO2 Cell type 2 Calvin cycle Calvin cycle Sugar Sugar Day C4 plant CAM plant

C4 Pathway (example: sugarcane) Fig. 7-14a C4 Pathway (example: sugarcane) Cell type 1 CO2 Four-carbon compound CO2 Cell type 2 Calvin cycle Sugar C4 plant

CAM Pathway (example: pineapple) Fig. 7-14b CAM Pathway (example: pineapple) CO2 Night Four-carbon compound CO2 Calvin cycle Sugar Day CAM plant

Light energy 6 CO2 6 H2O C6H12O6 6 O2 Photo- synthesis Carbon dioxide Fig. 7-UN01 Light energy 6 CO2 6 H2O C6H12O6 6 O2 Photo- synthesis Carbon dioxide Water Glucose Oxygen gas

Calvin cycle Light reactions Fig. 7-UN02 CO2 H2O Light NADP ADP P Calvin cycle Light reactions ATP NADPH Sugar O2 (C6H12O6)

Calvin cycle Light reactions Fig. 7-UN03 CO2 Light H2O NADP ADP P Calvin cycle Light reactions ATP NADPH Sugar O2 (C6H12O6)

Light energy Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide Water Glucose Oxygen gas Fig. 7-UN04 Light energy 6 CO2 6 H2O C6H12O6 6 O2 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide Water Glucose Oxygen gas

H2O Chloroplast CO2 Light Stack of thylakoids NADP+ Stroma ADP Calvin Fig. 7-UN05 Chloroplast CO2 Light H2O Stack of thylakoids NADP+ Stroma ADP P Calvin cycle Light reactions ATP NADPH O2 Sugar (C6H12O6)

– – NADP+ ADP ATP NADPH Photon Photon H2O NADPH-producing photosystem Fig. 7-UN06 NADP+ e – 2e – ADP ATP acceptor e – 2e – acceptor 2e NADPH – Photon Electron transport chain Photon Chlorophyll H2O Chlorophyll NADPH-producing photosystem 2e – Water-splitting photosystem 2 H 2 1 + O2 +

CO2 ATP ADP P Calvin cycle NADPH NADP G3P Glucose and other compounds Fig. 7-UN07 CO2 ATP ADP P Calvin cycle NADPH NADP G3P Glucose and other compounds P