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Fig. 10.1 Photosynthesis
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Outline - Photosynthesis
1. An Overview of Photosynthesis & Respiration 2. Autotrophs, photoautotrophs, and producers 3. Electromagnetic Spectrum & light energy 4. Chloroplast structure and location in a leaf 5. Photosynthetic pigments: Chlorophylls & Carotenoids 6. Chemical Reactions of Photosynthesis Light Harvesting Sugar Building 8. Photosynthesis Review 9. Variation in harvesting CO2 C3, C4 and CAM
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Overview of Photosynthesis & Respiration
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Autotrophs & Photoautotrophs are Producers
Chemoautotrophs Sulfolobus Conditions: pH 1.0 at 95C Habitat: Hot springs, mud pots Oxidizes sulfur to sulfuric acid Photoautotrophs - sun Chemoautotrophs - inorganic sources NH3, H2S and Sulfur Photoautotrophs Plants Algae Cyanobacteria
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
Increasing energy Increasing wavelength 0.1 nm 1 nm 10 nm 1000 nm 0.1 cm 1 cm 1 m 100 m X rays UV light Infrared Gamma rays Radio waves Visible light 400 nm 430 nm 500 nm 560 nm 600 nm 650 nm 740 nm
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Light Absorption During Photosynthesis
Sun White Light
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Pigments of Photosynthesis
Chlorophylls (green) Carotenoids (orange/yellow)
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Absorption Spectrum of Photosynthetic Pigments
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Absorption Spectrum of Photosynthetic Pigments Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b & Carotenoids Carotenoid Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll a Amount of light absorption 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 Wavelength (nm)
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Plant Cell Chloroplasts
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Chloroplast Structure
Fig. 10.2bb (TEArt) Inner membrane Thylakoid Outer membrane Granum Stroma
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Photosynthesis Equation
Photosynthesis Equation Photosynthesis is a redox process H2O is oxidized and CO2 is reduced Reduction 6 CO2 6 H2O C6H12O6 6 O2 Oxidation
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Photosynthesis is Light Harvesting & Sugar-Building
Fig. 10.2db (TEArt) Photosynthesis is Light Harvesting & Sugar-Building Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Photosystem CO2 H20 Light Harvesting Light-Dependent Reactions O2 Carbohydrates Thylakoid Light Independent Reactions Sugar Building Calvin Cycle Light Harvesting ADP NADPH ATP NADP+ Sugar Building Stroma
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Photosynthesis: Light Harvesting by Photosystems Thylakoid membrane
Fig. 10.6a (TEArt) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sun Chlorophyll molecules and Carotenoids in protein complex Thylakoid membrane Reaction Center Chlorophyll
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Photosynthesis: Light Harvesting by Photosystems
Fig (TEArt) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Electron Acceptor Reaction center chlorophyll e- Photon e- Chlorophyll molecules Photosystem
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Photosystem I Reduces NADP+
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Photosystem II Supplies Electrons to PSI
PSII Reaction Center
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Water Splitting & Oxygen Production
Photosystem II Water Splitting & Oxygen Production Photosystem II
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Photosystem II Supplies Electrons to PSI
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Photosystem II Supplies Electrons to PSI
PSII Reaction Center
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Thylakoid Structure Thylakoid Fig. 10.6b (TEArt)
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Thylakoid Structure Thylakoid
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Chemiosomosis & ATP Synthesis in Chloroplasts
Fig b (TEArt) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chemiosomosis & ATP Synthesis in Chloroplasts H+ Photon Stroma H+ ADP ATP Stroma e- Q H2O H+ Thylakoid space H+ H+ H+ _ 1 2 H+ 02 2H+ Photosystem II b6-f complex ATP synthase
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Photosynthesis: Light Harvesting by Photosystems
Fig (TEArt) Photosynthesis: Light Harvesting by Photosystems Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Excited reaction center Ferredoxin e– Fd NADP reductase Plastoquinone Reaction center e– e– NADPH NADP+ + H+ Q b6-f complex Plastocyanin Reaction center pC Photon Energy of electrons H+ e– Water- P 700 Photon splitting enzyme P680 H2O __ 1 2H O2 2 Photosystem I NADP reductase Photosystem II b6-f complex
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Light Reactions Mechanical Analogy
H2O provides electrons electron transport chain reduce NADPH ATP synthesized Oxygen released ATP e– e– e– NADPH e– e– Photon e– Photon H2O O e- Photosystem II Photosystem I Figure 7.8B
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Summary of Light Harvesting Reactions
H2O provides electrons for electron transport chain NADP reduced to NADPH ATP synthesized by chemiosmosis Oxygen released
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Sugar-Building & the Calvin Cycle
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Sugar Building – The Calvin Cycle
Fig (TEArt) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sugar Building – The Calvin Cycle 3 1 2 CO2 P RuBP 3-phospho glycerate RuBP ATP NADPH Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glucose Carbon Dioxide Fixation Carbon Reduction Regeneration of RuBP
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW
CO2 Light H2O Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P RUBP Photosystem II Light Reactions CALVIN CYCLE 3-PGA Thylakoid membranes Photosystem I ATP Stroma NADPH Cellular respiration G3P Cellulose Starch O2 Sugars Other organic compounds Figure 7.11
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END Photosynthesis
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