MAINTAINING A HEALTHY WEIGHT

Weight Management  Diet and exercise plan that helps maintain a desirable weight.

What determines a healthy weight?  Body composition: Percentage of fat tissue and lean tissue in the body.  Body Frame: Approximate weight and density of the bone structure; size and thickness of bones vary from person to person  Mesomorph: Muscular, althetic build  Endomorph: Round, Large type  Ectopmorph: Thin, Lean BMR: BASAL METABOLIC RATE, the number of calories the body uses at rest

Making a Weight Management Plan  Calorie Intake: How many calories you eat  Calorie expenditure: How many calories you burn  A pound of body fat is equal to 3500 calories  Track your activity level and what you eat to find the balance you need- to gain weight you need to eat more than you but, to lose weight must burn more than you eat

Suggestions for weight gain and loss  No more than 2 pounds per week  Maintain a balanced diet, extremes rarely result in long term success  Use exercises as part of your plan, both cardiovascular and strength training

Weight Loss strategies  Liquid diets- a beverage is substituted for some or all meals.  Fad diets- a quick weight loss strategy for the short term Prescription medications- under the direct supervision of a medical doctor  Starvation diet- severe restriction of calories, body relies on stored body fat because there is no glucose for energy.

Weight Loss strategies  Over the counter (OTC) diet pills- some suppress the appetite (use stimulant drugs), some fill stomach  Laxatives and diuretics- drugs that help a person have bowel movements (laxative) or products that increase amount of urine (diuretic); temporary

Eating Disorders  A condition in which a person has a compelling need to starve, binge, or to binge and purge.  1. Teens at risk: emphasis on body image, uncomfortable with SSC, perfectionism, need to control, inability to express emotions.

Anorexia Nervosa  An ED in which a person starves self and weights 15% or more below desirable weight  Obsession with being thin  Perfectionist

Treatment  Team of professionals- doctors, dieticians, nurses, and mental health professionals  Out-patient, in-patient, hospitals, rehabilitation facilities

How it harms the body  Dehydration and constipation  Abdominal pain and nausea  Hormonal changes  Damage to internal organs  Decrease in heart rate and blood pressure  Impaired immune system function  Absence of menstruation in females  Hair loss  Malnutrition  Negative self confidence  Lack of self-respect  Depression  Urge to withdraw

Bulimia  An ED in which a person binges and purges, eat large quantities of food at one time and then rid the body by vomiting, using laxative or diuretics  More common than anorexia  Obsession with body shape and size  Negative body image  Usually are aware of problem but are unable to change, feel shame and quilt

Harms Health  Dissolved tooth enamel, tooth decay, sore gums  Enlarge salivary glands and swollen cheeks  Severe water loss causing depletion of potassium and increase in blood pressure  Damage to colon, heart, and kidneys  Impaired bowel function

Treatment  Team of professionals  Taught new ways of coping

Signs of Bulimia  Binge in private, but eat regular amounts when with others  Have one secret place in which to binge  Steal food or hide it in a secret place  Think about food constantly and plan each binge carefully  Buy or steal special treats or elaborate dishes for a binge  Gulp food quickly while bingeing so as not to be discovered  Exercise and diet excessively between binges

Binge Eating  An ED in which a person cannot control eating and eats excessive amounts  Most common in females  Use food as a substitute for coping  Over time become addicted to food  Become overweight, obese but others may not realize that it is because of the ED

How it harms the health  Skeletal difficulties because the bones need to support extra weight  Increase in person’s heart rate and blood pressure  Increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain types of cancer

Treatment  Team of health-care professionals  Weight management plan  After weight loss must learn new eating habits and examine reasons why they felt the need to overeat