Alexandra Hampton Nate Peters Brandon Thomas Jon Lieberman

 The study of continuity and change across the lifespan.

 Zygote – Fertilized egg that contains chromosomes from both a sperm and en egg.  Germinal Stage – The zygote begins to divide into two cells, then four.

 Embryonic Stage – A period that lasts from the second week until the eighth week  Fetal Stage – A period that lasts from the ninth week until birth. The embryo at this stage is known as a fetus. Myelination Occurs

 Placenta – is an organ that physically links the bloodstreams of the mother and the developing embryo or fetus and permits the exchange of materials.  The children of mothers who received insufficient nutrition during pregnancy tend to have both physical and psychological problems.

 Teratogens – Agents that damage the process of development.  Fetal Alcohol Syndrome – A developmental disorder that stems from heavy alcohol use by the mother during pregnancy. * Some studies suggest that light drinking doesn’t, but at the present there is no medical consensus about what is a “SAFE” amount.

 Infancy – the stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18 and 24 months. -Motor Development -Reflexes -Cephalocaudal Rule (head to feet) -Proximodistal Rule (inside to outside)

 Childhood – stage begins at about 18 to 24 months and lasts until adolescents.  Preoperational Stage – (ages 2 to 6) children learns about physical objects  Concrete Operational Stage – (ages 6 to 11) Age of development when a child learns how to transform objects  Formal Operational Stage (ages 11 to adulthood) reason about abstract concepts

Discovering other minds As children develop, they discover their own minds but they also discover the minds of others. But they don’t fully grasp the fact that others see the same objects in different ways. Failure to understand that the world appears differently to different people is called Egocentrism. Once they understand that people can have different perceptions and beliefs they are said to have acquired a theory of mind. Which is the idea that human behavior is guided by mental representations.

Joint attention: The ability to focus on what another person is focused on. Social referencing : The ability to use another person’s reactions as information. Imitation: The ability to do what another person does. Infants are natural mimics and will do what they see adults do.

Secure attachment: Infants get distressed when caregiver leaves and feels calmed by their proximity. Avoidant attachment: These infants are generally not distressed when their caregiver leaves the room. They generally do not acknowledge her when she returns Ambivalent attachment: These infants are almost always distressed when their caregiver leaves the room. But when she returns rejects her attempt to calm them. Disorganized attachment : These infants show no consistent pattern of responses when their caregiver leaves or returns.

 Pre-Conventional (Punishment)  Conventional (Social Rules)  Post-Conventional (Ethical Principles)

 Do you react more with your morals?  Or  Do you react more with your emotions?

 11 to 21  Peak Height Velocity and Muscle to Fat Ratio  Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics  Changes in the Brain

 Early Development  The “Gap”  Angry Teens  Sexuality

 -When looking at the brain of a gay person, some studies have found that it is similar to the brain of a straight person of the opposite gender. (Savic & Lindstrom, 2008)  -The shaping of the brain causes a child to have the capacity to choose sexual behavior; but not sexual orientation.

 -Puberty is a time with a marked increase in tension between a child and his/her parents.  -When the values of the child and parents coincide there is often less conflict.  -Peer over parent interactions and groups "peeling off".

 The decline of the health and body