Chapter 1: What is Biology? Ms. GoodwinMs. GoodwinBiology

Section 1: What Is Biology? VOCABULARY Biology Biology Organization Organization Species Species Development Development Stimulus Stimulus Homeostasis Homeostasis Adaptation Adaptation Organism Organism Reproduction Reproduction Growth Growth Environment Environment Response Response Energy Energy Evolution Evolution

The Science of BiologyThe Science of Biology Biology- the study of life; (bios;life;logos;study) Biology- the study of life; (bios;life;logos;study) Bacteria, plants, animals, cells, etc. Bacteria, plants, animals, cells, etc. Living things DO NOT exist in isolation Living things DO NOT exist in isolation Depend on living and non-living thing Depend on living and non-living thing Humans depend on plants and other animals Humans depend on plants and other animals

Biologists Study Diversity (a range of things)Biologists Study Diversity (a range of things) Biologists study interactions of the environment Biologists study interactions of the environment Biologists study problems and give solutionsBiologists study problems and give solutions Research Research Medicines, spaceships, preservation of species Medicines, spaceships, preservation of species Characteristics of Living ThingsCharacteristics of Living Things Organism- anything that possesses all of the characteristics of life Organism- anything that possesses all of the characteristics of life

Five (5) Characteristics of Life Five (5) Characteristics of Life 1.Are organized1.Are organized 2.Reproduce2.Reproduce 3.Change during their lives3.Change during their lives 4.Adjust to their surrounding4.Adjust to their surrounding 5.Adapt and evolve5.Adapt and evolve *NOTE: Unicellular- single cell. Multicellular- more than 1. Colonies- cluster of cells

Living ThingsLiving Things 1.Are organized1.Are organized Organizations- orderly structure of cells Organizations- orderly structure of cells All living things have one or more cells All living things have one or more cells Each cell has DNA or genetic material Each cell has DNA or genetic material Atoms  molecule  cell  tissue  organ  organ system  organism  populations  community  ecosystem  biosphere

2. Reproduce2. Reproduce Reproduction- produce offspring Reproduction- produce offspring Essential for the continuation of a species (group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring) Essential for the continuation of a species (group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring) Species- a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature. Species- a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature. Species cannot exist without reproduction. Species cannot exist without reproduction. 3. Change during their lives3. Change during their lives Begins as a single cell grows and takes on the characteristic of its species Begins as a single cell grows and takes on the characteristic of its species Growth- increase in the amount of the living material and formation of new structures in an organism. Growth- increase in the amount of the living material and formation of new structures in an organism.

Development- all changes that take place during the life of an organism Development- all changes that take place during the life of an organism 4. Living things adjust to their surroundings4. Living things adjust to their surroundings Environment- biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) factors to which an organism most constantly adjusts Environment- biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) factors to which an organism most constantly adjusts Stimulus- any condition in the environment that causes an organism to adjust Stimulus- any condition in the environment that causes an organism to adjust EX: The sight of food EX: The sight of food Response- a reaction to stimulus Response- a reaction to stimulus EX: Your mouth watering EX: Your mouth watering

Homeostasis- the regulation of an organisms’ internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for its survival Homeostasis- the regulation of an organisms’ internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for its survival Occurs in all living things Occurs in all living things pH temperature, water, and minerals in cells pH temperature, water, and minerals in cells All bodily processes utilize energy All bodily processes utilize energy Energy- the ability to do work Energy- the ability to do work Food is the source of energy Food is the source of energy Plants make their own food (autotrophs) Plants make their own food (autotrophs) Animals, fungi and some other organisms use other organisms for their own food (heterotrophs) Animals, fungi and some other organisms use other organisms for their own food (heterotrophs)

5. Living things adapt and evolve5. Living things adapt and evolve Adaptation- any, structure, behavior or internal process that enables an organism to respond to stimuli and better survive in an environment Adaptation- any, structure, behavior or internal process that enables an organism to respond to stimuli and better survive in an environment Inherited from previous generations Inherited from previous generations Individuals with more suitable adaptations are more likely to survive and reproduce Individuals with more suitable adaptations are more likely to survive and reproduce Evolution- the gradual accumulations of adaptations over time Evolution- the gradual accumulations of adaptations over time

Section 1 Assessment 1. What are some important reasons for studying Biology? 1. What are some important reasons for studying Biology? 2. Explain the difference between a stimulus and a response and give an example of each. How do these terms relate to an organism’s internal environment? 2. Explain the difference between a stimulus and a response and give an example of each. How do these terms relate to an organism’s internal environment? 3. Why is energy required for living things? How do living things obtain energy? 3. Why is energy required for living things? How do living things obtain energy? 4. How are species and reproduction related? 4. How are species and reproduction related? 5. How are energy and homeostasis related in living organisms? 5. How are energy and homeostasis related in living organisms? 6. Suppose you discover an unidentified object on your way home from school. What characteristics would you study to determine whether the object is a living or nonliving thing?