Independent Organizations  No two exactly alike  Hierarchical  Chain of command Potential Problems?  Personnel changes  Internal reorganization

Problems with the: Time-in-Rank System  Officers cannot skip rank  Restrict administrative flexibility

 Minor disturbances  Service calls  Administrative duties Books, Movies & T.V. Real Police Work Vs.  COPS

“Crime Fighting”:

Questions: In what ways does the role of policing differ in reality from what is seen in the media? What is a “typical” day for police officers? Is there a “typical” day or does the police role differ on a daily basis?

Patrol Activities  Deter crime  Maintain public order  Respond quickly  Identify and apprehend law violators  Provide aid  Facilitate the movement of traffic and people  Create a feeling of security in the community

Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: SWAT Teams and Paramilitary Units  History and growth  Overkill?  Walking a fine line?

Evidence-Based Justice  The Police Presence and Deterrence  The Kansas City Experiment

Improving Patrol  Order maintenance  Peacekeeping  Aggressive Patrol  Proactive policing  Targeting specific crimes

Improving Patrol: Broken windows policing  Neighborhood disorder creates fear  Neighborhoods can give out crime-promoting signals  Police need to aggressively target low-level “quality of life” crimes

Improving Patrol:  Increases in arrests  Rapid response  Procedural justice  Use of technology

Criminal Justice and Technology: In-Car Cameras  Officer Safety  Professionalism and performance  Defense against complaints  Leadership benefits  Training  Distraction from the job  Too much reliance on the camera  Too much information  Stress and job performance Criticisms OfReasons For

Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues Street stories: the world of police detectives

How Do Detectives Detect?  Informants  Undercover  Interviews  Forensic evidence  Specific focus  General coverage  Informative data gathering

Sting Operations  Organized groups of detectives Undercover Work  Pose as criminals or as victims  Psychological problems

“War on Drugs: Somalia”:

Questions: How organized is the smuggling of khat? What are some of the problems with trying to catch khat smugglers?

Evaluating Investigations  Criticisms: Paperwork, Inefficiency Improving Investigations  Patrol officers  Specialized units  Collection of physical evidence  Witness identification Using Technology  Coplink

“Bait Cars”:

Questions: In the case of bait cars, how does technology help catch offenders committing a crime that is especially difficult to catch? Are bait cars a good idea? Why? Why not? What problems do you see with bait car operations?

Careers in Criminal Justice: Private Detectives and Investigators  Duties and characteristics of the job  Job outlook  Salary  Opportunities  Qualifications  Education and training

Implementing Community Policing  Foot patrol  Federal funding

The Challenges of Community Policing  Defining community  Defining roles  Changing supervisor attitudes  Reorienting police values  Revising training  Reorienting recruitment  Reaching out to every community Overcoming Obstacles

Criminal Acts, Criminal Places  Combating auto theft  Reducing violence  Gang tactical detail unit  Operation ceasefire

Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: The displacement problem  Types of displacement  Temporal  Spatial  Target  Tactical  Offense

Intelligence and the Intelligence Process:  Tactical intelligence  Strategic intelligence

 Intelligence sharing  Intelligence-led policing  Blueprint  Intelligence process principles and policies  Individuals’ privacy and civil rights National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan  Sharing of information  National model for intelligence training  Timely and credible intelligence sharing  Leverage existing systems and networks, yet allows flexibility

Fusion Centers  Support for a range of law enforcement activities  Help for major incident operations and support for units charged with interdiction and criminal investigations  Provide the means for community input, often through “tip lines”  Assistance to law enforcement executives

 Personnel Service  Internal Affairs Division  Administration and Control of Budgets  Maintenance and Dissemination of Information  Dispatch  Training  Citizen Police Interactions  Forensics  Planners Police Support Functions

 Consolidation  Informal Arrangements  Sharing  Pooling  Differential Police Responses  Service Districts  Civilian Employees  Multiple Tasking  Special Assignments  Contracting