What is TaK? Looking back … Looking forward …

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Presentation transcript:

What is TaK? Looking back … Looking forward … What do we know, and how do we know it? Looking forward … How can enquiry be conducted so that it will lead towards truth and knowledge rather than error and ignorance?

TaK

? The Raw Material Belief Opinion Fact Prejudice Information Evidence TaK The Raw Material Belief Opinion Fact ? Prejudice Information Evidence Truth Knowledge

What is a Knowledge Claim? Examples … TaK Claims 1. (I know that) the sky is blue 2. (I know that) 2 + 2 = 4 3. (I know that) it is wrong to murder a person 4. (I know that) I have a fear of spiders 5. (I know that) I went out for a run yesterday 6. (I know that) what the doctor said is true 7. (I know that) women are more emotional than men 8. I know exactly what God wants of me 9. I know that I am going to heaven 10. (I know that) the fjord is more beautiful than a rubbish tip 11. (I know that) I love my brother What is a Knowledge Claim? Examples …

TaK Knowledge Claims ‘Good’ reasons you might have for what you claim to know, and choose to believe, may include: perception Self-awareness logic intuition memory faith consensus authority

TaK Knowledge Claims Here is a list of things that I might claim to know, and another list of reasons I might give to support these claims. Claims 1. I know that the sky is blue 2. I know that 2 + 2 = 4 3. I know that it is wrong to murder a person 4. I know that I have a fear of spiders 5. I know that I went out for a run yesterday 6. I know that what the doctor said is true 7. I know that women are more emotional than men 8. I know exactly what God wants of me 9. I know that I am going to heaven 10. I know that the fjord is more beautiful than a rubbish tip 11. I know that I love my brother Justification Value judgement Faith Memory Authority Intuition Revelation Sense perception Logic Self-awareness Common knowledge Instinct

(You should have received this as a handout) TaK (You should have received this as a handout)

What is a Knowledge Issue? TaK What is a Knowledge Issue?

Questions which may help us to obtain knowledge … TaK Questions which may help us to obtain knowledge … What…? Who…? Where…? When…? Why…? How…?

TaK … and a partial list of factors which may help or hinder* our ability to obtain the truth….. Age Gender Ethnicity Assumptions Beliefs Emotions Education Prejudice Experience Nationality *hinder: to prevent, cause delay, get in the way

What is a Knowledge Issue? Examples … TaK What is a Knowledge Issue? Examples …

Real-life situation: Knowledge Issues: TaK Claim that alternative medical practices such as acupuncture are effective in treating certain conditions Knowledge Issues: Question of language: what exactly do we mean by ‘effective’? How do we test whether a treatment is effective? What constitutes a positive result? Would statistical likelihood of a positive result serve as justifying the claim – or do we insist on absolute 100% positive results? If we accept a statistically likely result as being positive evidence for the claim – what precisely do we mean by ‘statistically likely’? If we accept the claim how can we explain that two different systems of knowledge with quite different assumptions, concepts, and methodologies can apply to medical conditions?

TaK The Presentation Real-life situation Contemporary problem

1 4 2 3 The structure and vocabulary of a ToK Presentation TaK The structure and vocabulary of a ToK Presentation 1 Real-life situation. Identify some central conflict revolving around a knowledge issue Tentative resolution of the central conflict in the real-life situation 4 Vocabulary of real-life situation Abstraction Implications ToK vocabulary 2 3 Underlying knowledge issues Branching Arguments Evaluation of Knowledge Issues from Ric Sims

TaK The Presentation Examples…? In groups, brainstorm possible Presentation topics and approaches to the topics.

TaK The Essay

abstract ToK vocabulary TaK The structure and vocabulary of a ToK Essay 2 3 Choose real examples from different Areas of Knowledge to make sense of the Prescribed Title and highlight knowledge issues. Examples will generate possible arguments. Exploration of the tensions between examples and abstract ToK vocabulary. Arguments will show the limits of our assumptions. Branching Arguments Vocabulary of examples linked to abstract ToK vocabulary Generalisation Make concrete ToK vocabulary 1 4 Prescribed Title Evaluation of Knowledge Issues from Ric Sims

Some Prescribed Titles: TaK Some Prescribed Titles: Evaluate the role of intuition in different areas of knowledge. Does language play roles of equal importance in different areas of knowledge? Are some ways of knowing more likely than others to lead to truth? In groups, brainstorm possible knowledge issues that are raised by these titles. Think of examples.