Deciduous Forest Esperanza Solis and Lisa Kaiser

Map showing where the deciduous forest is on earth A deciduous forest is a forest made up of trees and plants that shed their leaves during the cold months of the year and re-grows new leaves the next spring in time for the growing season.

Rainfall The Deciduous forest have around inches(750 to 1,500 mm) of rain in a year. The rain is distributed pretty much evenly through out the gain just a little bit more in the summer months.

Latitude of Deciduous Forests The latitude range is anywhere from 23 degrees north to 38 degrees south.

Tawny Milkcap Mushroom Tawny milkcap mushroom is brown-orange and turns yellow as it gets older. It belongs to the fungi kingdom. The part of the mushroom above ground is the fruiting and reproductive part called the mycelia. The moist ground helps mycelia grow faster and reproduce. The spores are traveled to different places by wind, animals, and insects to create more mushrooms.

Pecan Tree The pecan Tree has brown/grey bark and can grow up to 180 feet. The pecan tree grows best in humid environments and is an member of the walnut family. It uses the wind to pollinate and help the pecans fall off the tree. It is a perennial, so it stays alive for several years without dying.

Carpet moss Carpet moss is rootless evergreen plants that cover the ground, growing on stream beds, and on the base of trees. Its leaves grow parralel to each other and the cells at the end of the leafs grow in pairs. It can reproduced asexually and sexually depending on the weather.

Shagbark hickory The shagbark hickory has ashy gray bark which separate into long strips making it look shaggy. It can grow up to 100 feet tall while the lower branches droop and the higher branches practically stand horizontally. It has long roots to help the tree get water when there is drought.

White oak The bark of the tree is whitish gray and if undisturbed it can live to be years old. The acorns are the trees seeds and are food source for the wildlife. The white ark loses it leaves,which have 7-9 points that represent fingers, in the fall and grows them back in the spring.

White-Tailed Dear Fur is a grayish color in the winter then more red comes out during the summer. The white fur goes down the throat, on the upper insides of the legs and under the tail. When a deer changes its fur with the seasons it camouflages them. Also the males grow antlers to protect themselves. They also form herds to keep warm in the winter.

European Red Squirrel They have ginger, red, brown fur over much of their bodies. Most have white fur on their chests.They have four toes on each foot with long, sharp claws to help it grab bark when climbing trees. The red squirrel has a long bushy tail used to balance its weight while climbing a tree. They have larger ear tufts in the winter which disappear in the summer.

Eastern Chipmunk Eastern Chimpmunks are about 5-6 inches long and weighing about 3 ounces. It is a brownish-red color. Five black stripes with white lines go down their backs. They create there nests in stone walls and rotting logs and make the entrance very well concealed.They also go in to hibernation in the winter months and don’t come out till march.

Raccoon Raccons have a masked face and ringed tail. They have five toes on both the front and back feet. During cold weather raccoons will sleep for several day, but do not hibernate.They hunt mostly at night with their great vision and climb trees to catch more food.

Opossum Oppossum are about 2 ½ feet long. They have opposable thumbs on their rear feet and can also grasp with their tails to trees.they are known for playing “possum” to make their predators think they're dead.

American Bald Eagle The bald eagle is the largest flying bird with wing spans between 5 ½ and 8 foot. It can see 4 to 8 times better and further than humans.They also have very curved beat to help them tear their fish apart. They also have a bony overhang over their eyes to protect their eyes from sunlight and to provide protection.

American black bear It can weigh from pounds and are usually 5-6 feet tall. The black bear has short claws to climb trees and shaggy fur to keep it warm in the cold weather. When a mother is raising her cubs she is very aggressive, if anything gets near her she will attack until they are killed.

Coyote Coyotes are around pounds. They hunt alone or in breeding searching for small mammals. When there is large prey like deer they go in groups from 3-8. Coyote have a very good sense of hearing and smell. They use there ears to communicate with others in there pack.

Northern Copperhead The northern Copperhead blends in with the rocks,twigs,and leaves giving protection from its enemies. It vibrates its tail in the snake to make others believe it is a rattle snake. They are diurnal in the spring and nocturnal in the fall.They also hibernate in the winter with the other animals.

Bobcats The bobcat is around 2 feet in length and between10-25 pounds. Their teeth are very sharp, the canine teeth are used to stab their prey and the back are used to cut through meat and hide. The claws are used to catch prey and climb up trees, there claws can retract into their paws.

Food Web

Predator/prey Coyotes eat eastern Chipmunks.

Parasitism Leech kills Black Bear

Competition BobCat and bears both fight over the fish

Mutualism Deer and birds. The birds get food off the deer and deer gets cleaned.

Benefits In the Deciduous forest we cut down trees but if we just cut down the dead trees we can make wood and paper from them. But also it prevents forest fire. We also use the forests for hunting, camping and fishing. We hunt so the animals don’t become overpopulated in these areas and camp for the enjoyment of it. We need to preserve the deciduous forest for the for the future.

Threats We are the biggest threat to deciduous forest. We cut down trees for paper and wood. Some are dead and some are alive, but either way we destroy animals home and food sources. We can preserve the forest by removing weeds, trash or brush to prevent fires. You could also learn about the threats of a forest and help the environment grow.

E.C Wetlands The deciduous forest has bogs, marshes and swamps.