Europe

Peninsula of Peninsulas Europe- Peninsula of Peninsulas Definite differences between Western Europe and Eastern Europe Iberian, Italian, Balkan, Jutland, Scandinavian

Regions of Europe Northern Europe- (Chapter 10) Northwestern Europe (Chapter 11) Southern Europe (Chapter 12) Eastern Europe (Chapter 13) The Russian Core (Chapter 14—we will not cover in this unit)

Northern Europe Scandinavian countries: Norway, Sweden, and Denmark (includes Greenland) Finland Iceland (formerly part of Denmark)

Northwestern Europe British Isles--United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales & Northern Ireland) & Ireland France Benelux-Belguim, The Netherlands (Holland/Dutch), Luxembourg Microstates: Lichtenstein & Monaco Germanic states: Germany, Switzerland, Austria

Southern Europe (Mediterranean) Iberian Peninsula-Spain and Portugal Italian Peninsula-Italy Balkan Peninsula-Greece Microstate: Andorra, Vatican City, San Marino

Eastern Europe Former Yugoslavia: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia, Serbia Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania Czech Republic and Slovakia Poland Hungary & Romania Bulgaria, Moldova, Albania

-Europeans use their location as an advantage -uses seas-for food, trade and exploration -many different cultures and languages -conflicts between competing nations has caused destruction (espescially in Eastern Europe) -recent years formed coalition: European Union.

Rivers (there’s a bunch) Rhine-flows 820 miles Danube (longest) used for trade passes through 5 Eastern European countries empties into the Black Sea the capital cities of Belgrade, Budapest, and Vienna line the banks highway for trade “river of destiny,” “dustless road,” “lifeline”

Mountains and Uplands *Most famous Mountain Chain: The Alps (arc across Germany, Switzerland, Austria) *Alps cut Italy off from Europe *Pyrenees restrict movement to Iberian Peninsula *Balkan Mts. Block the Peninsula *Meseta and Massif Central are big Upland areas in Spain and France, respectively.

Fertile Plains: Most Fertile agricultural region: Northern European Plain - covers parts of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany and Poland

*Most of the continent is Marine West Coast. *Nearby Ocean and winds create a mild Climate. Specifically, the North Atlantic Drift moderates Europe’s west coast *Harsher conditions the further inland you move, further North *Milder climate in the South–Mediterranean Climate extends from southern Spain and France through Italy to Greece and the Balkans