Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system.

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Presentation transcript:

Endocrine System Marie Černá

Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Glands Endocrine – hormone-secreting organs, secrete their chemical messengers directly into body fluids (blood) Exocrine – enzyme/mucus-secreting organs, secrete their chemical messengers into ducts that convey the products to the appropriate locations

Endocrine glands 1.Pineal gland 2. Hypothalamus + Pituitary gland 3. Thyroid gland + Parathyroid glands 4.Thymus 5.Adrenal glands 6.Pancreas 7.Ovary (female) 8.Testis (male)

Feedback inhibition

Pineal gland hormonechemical class representative actions regulated by Melatoninamineinvolved in biological rhythms light/dark cycles

Anterior pituitary hormone peptide/protein representative actions regulated by Growth hormoneGH ↑ growth + metabolism hypothalamic h. ProlactinPRL ↑ milk production + secretion hypothalamic h. Thyroid-stimu- lating hormone TSH ↑ thyroid glandhypothalamic h. thyroxine Adrenocortico- tropic hormone ACTH ↑ adrenal cortex → glucocorticoids hypothalamic h. glucocorticoids Follicle-stimu- lating hormone FSH ↑ production of ova and sperm hypothalamic h. Luteinizing hormone LH ↑ ovaries and testes hypothalamic h.

Posterior pituitary hormone peptide representative actions regulated by Antidiuretic hormone ADH↑ retention of water by kidneys water/salt balance Oxytocin↑ contraction of uterus + mammary gland cells nervous system

Thyroid gland

Follicular cells – thyroxine Parafollicular c-cells - calcitonin

Thyroid gland hormone representative actions regulated by T 4 Thyroxine T 3 amine↑ metabolic processesTSH Calcitoninpeptide↓ blood calcium levelcalcium in blood

T 4 Tetraiodothyronine T 3 Triiodothyronine

Parathyroid glands Hormone representative actions regulated by Parathyroid hormone, PTH peptide↑ blood calcium level calcium in blood

Homeostasis: Blood calcium level

Thyroid feedback

Adrenal glands

Medulla: adrenalin (epinephrine) + noradrenalin (norepinephrine) Cortex: z. reticularis – DHA dehydroepiandrosterone z. fasciculata – cortisol (glucocorticoids) z. glomerulosa – aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)

Adrenal medulla Hormone representative actions regulated by adrenalin noradrenalin amine↑ blood glucose level ↑ metabolic activities vessel constriction nervous system

Catecholamines

Synthesis of catecholamines

Adrenal cortex hormone steroid representative actions regulated by Glucocorticoids↑ blood glucose levelACTH Mineralocorticoids↑ reabsorption of Na + + ↑ excretion of K + in kidneys kalium in blood

Steroids hormones

Sex hormones (steroids) Adrenal cortex TestesAndrogens OvariesEstrogens Progesterone

Sex hormones in female

Sex hormones in male

Pancreas

Pancreas Langerhans islets Alpha cells → glucagon Beta cells → insulin

Pancreas hormone peptide representative actions regulated by Insulin↓ blood glucose levelglucose in blood Glucagon↑ blood glucose levelglucose in blood

Circadian rhythms of blood glucose and insulin

Homeostasis: Blood glucose level ↑ blood glucose level Glucagon Glucocorticoids Catecholamines ↓ blood glucose level Insulin

Thymus

Thymus hormonechemical class representative actions regulated by Thymosinpeptidestimulates T lymphocytes

Literature Biology, eighth edition, Campbell, Reece Unit seven: Animal Form and Function Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System Pages 975 – 996

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