Cwk Greek medicine revision What: By the end of the lesson you will have thoroughly revised Greek medicine. Why: All – will develop your understanding of the period; Most – understand how people experienced the past differently; Some – make links to other periods of time. Some – evaluate the impact Hippocrates had on medicine in this period. All – understand the key ideas about Greek medicine; Most – analyse the effectiveness of medicine in the Greek period;

Connect: YOU DO NOT NEED TO REVISE THE FOLLOWING: PREHISTORIC MEDICINE EGYPTIAN MEDICINE ASCLEPIOS AND TEMPLE MEDICINE They were taught these topics because they were on the OCR spec, they are not on the Edexcel spec.

Connect: quick quiz. Answer these questions in the back of your book. How many humours did Hippocrates identify? What were they called? Explain one treatment based on the humour theory. Explain another one! Draw a picture of Hippocrates fighting a T Rex. What did the humours need to be in order for a person to be healthy? Explain why a dog piddling on a tree is important to Greek medicine. What does ‘regimen’ mean? 1. 4 2. Yellow bile, black bile, blood and phlegm 3. Bleeding 4. Pepper 5. Why not? 6. Balanced 7. Diagnosis Prognosis Observation Treatment (clinical observation) 8. Living a healthy lifestyle.

Activate: Although Hippocrates was Greek, his ideas were followed and used in countries all over the world for several thousand years, this included Britain. So what was it about his ideas that made them so long lasting and popular? You are going to create a mind map of information about what you can remember about the Hippocratic approach to medicine.

Hippocrates and medicine Demonstrate Hippocrates and medicine If you can write on your white board then give them 5 minutes to do this and then feedback and you can write onto this slide. If you can’t then… errr… dunno.

Activate: The Greeks began to believe that disease had a natural cause. This meant that doctors started to look more closely at the body. However, dissection was not encouraged and surgery was still simple, for example, mending broken bones. In Alexandria, they did practise dissection and so learned more about anatomy. In about 400 BCE, Hippocrates suggested that diseases have internal, personal, causes; they were not caused by gods or spirits. He said that the body contained four humours or fluids: black bile, yellow bile, blood and phlegm. Human beings became ill when these humours were unbalanced. Ask the students what the words in bold mean. They can add detail to their mind maps.

Activate: Hippocrates took care to observe and record each patient’s symptoms. He said that people should lead simple, balanced lives in order to keep these humours in balance. He was the founder of the medical profession. The Hippocratic Oath (that a doctor will always try to save a patient and act only in the patient’s interests, without fear or favour) is still taken by all doctors to this day. From about 400 BCE, Hippocrates led the way with clinical observation and the Theory of the Four Humours: the first rational explanation of the cause of disease. Doctors trained in these beliefs were the first we recognise as doctors, not priests. This was the beginning of the medical profession. Clinical observation – Diagnosis, Prognosis, Observation, Treatment – dogs piss on trees

Activate: Add more detail to your mind map. Most Greeks lived in small towns on the edge of the sea. This meant that public health was not a problem. At first, women were not allowed to train as doctors. One woman, Hagnodice, pretended to be a man and trained to be a doctor. She became popular with female patients. When it was discovered that Hagnodice was a woman, the law was changed to allow women who were not slaves to train as doctors. Many women became doctors and often went to work in the Roman Empire. Add more detail to your mind map.

Activate: The Greeks were the first people to realise that disease had natural causes. This developed from the ideas of Hippocrates. Although many people still believed diseases were caused by supernatural events, Hippocrates suggested ways in which people could try to avoid disease and practical methods of trying to cure themselves.

Activate: the theory of the four humours Hippocrates is credited with the development of the Theory of the Four Humours. This is the idea that the body is made of four different liquids, or humours: Yellow bile (when you are sick) Black bile (nobody is really sure, possibly blood in your vomit which may look blackish) Blood Phlegm (snot) The Greeks believed that if these humours became unbalanced then you would be ill, e.g. if you had temperature your skin went red and hot, this they thought showed that you had too much blood and your treatment would be bleeding, the removal of the excess blood.

Activate: They also thought that these humours were linked to the seasons and their idea of four elements (earth, air, fire, water). Therefore in winter, which is linked to water, they believed your body produced too much phlegm and you have to sneeze and cough to get rid of it. This theory helped to explain why people became ill and sometimes treatment tried to restore the balance. However, Hippocrates suggested that most treatments should be based on rest, changes in diet and leaving the body to heal itself.

Consolidate Describe the key features of Hippocrates’ ideas about medicine. (9) Give out the mark scheme and discuss what is needed to complete this question successfully. Students then successfully complete the question.

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