Pseudomonas and Nonfermenters.  Opportunistic Pathogens of Plants, Animals, and Humans  Many Taxonomic Changes in Last Decade  Clinically Important.

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Presentation transcript:

Pseudomonas and Nonfermenters

 Opportunistic Pathogens of Plants, Animals, and Humans  Many Taxonomic Changes in Last Decade  Clinically Important Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli Include: Aerobic nonfermenters: 10-15% of clinical isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Burkholderia cepacia; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Acinetobacter baumannii; Moraxella catarrhalis: Account for >75% of all clinical isolates of aerobic nonfermenters Facultative anaerobes and microaerophiles: 70-80% of clinical isolates Haemophilus & related organisms: 10-15% of clinical isolates Unusual bacilli: <1% of clinical isolates  Pseudomonads Classified into Five rRNA Groups General Overview

General Characteristics of Nonfermenters  Oxidative gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas spp., produce acid from glucose or other carbohydrates only in the presence of oxygen (nonfermenters). NOTE: Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonas and Vibrio are fermentative and can utilize carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen.  Pseudomonas aeruginosa oxidizes but does not ferment glucose. Alcaligenes faecalis neither ferments nor oxidizes glucose (see Lab Manual).

Clinically Important Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli Later Lab only

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Family Pseudomonadaceae)

 Motile (by single or multiple polar flagella) gram-negative rods  Obligate (strict) aerobes (most strains)  Oxidase (usually) and catalase positive  Nonfermentative chemoheterotrophic respiratory metabolism  Minimal nutritional reqts.; Many organic compounds used as C and N sources, but only a few carbohydrates by oxidative metabolism Glucose used oxidatively Lactose negative on MacConkey’s agar  Some strains produce diffusible pigments: Pyocyanin (blue); fluorescein (yellow); pyorubin (red)  P. aeruginosa produces characteristic grape-like odor and blue-green pus & colonies  Broad antibiotic resistance Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections Survive where most organisms cannot; e.g., “oil-eating” bacteria are Pseudomonas. (Slime layer)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections (cont.) Characteristic grape-like odor. Bluish-green color clinically and in the lab due to presence of two pigments: pyocyanin & fluorescein.

Virulence Factors Associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Burkholderia cepacia

Diseases Associated with Burkholderia spp.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (cont.)

Acinetobacter baumanii

Moraxella catarrhalis