QUIZ 10/21 1.What are Earthquakes? 2._____ is the deformation of a material caused by stress. 3.Describe tension stress. 4.Faulting causes rock to _________.

Answers 1.Vibrations of the earth’s crust caused by a sudden release of energy 2. Strain 3. pulls apart 4. Break

QUIZ 10/22 1.Define fault. 2.Which type of fault is a result of tension stress causing horizontal & vertical movement. 3.Which type of fault is a result of compression stress causing horizontal & vertical movement? 4.Which type of fault is a result of shear stress causing horizontal movement?BONUS: What type of fault is associated with divergent plates?

Answers 1.Fault 1.Fault = any fracture or system of fractures along which the Earth moves 2.Normal Fault 3.Reverse Fault 4.Strike Slip Fault 5.Normal Fault

Seismic Waves seismic waves Vibrations of the ground during an earthquake are called seismic waves Vibrations (earthquakes) occur as rock elastically returns to its original position. Feels like shaking or trembling

Every EQ generates three types of seismic waves 1.Primary 2.Secondary 3.Surface

Primary Waves P- waves Fast waves Travel through solids, liquids, or gases Compressional movement, squeeze & push rocks in the direction which the waves are traveling

Secondary waves S-waves Slower than P waves Travel through solids only Shear movement of rocks at right angles in the direction of the waves

Body Waves BODY WAVES Both P- waves and S-waves pass through Earth’s interior, because of this they are referred to as BODY WAVES

Surface Waves  Slowest types of wave  Travels only along the Earth’s surface  Up & down and side-to-side movement  Cause the most ground movement and take the longest time to pass  Usually causes the most destruction

Rayleigh waves ground rolls; ground moves up & down similar to water waves Love waves shear waves cause the ground to move horizontally from side to side

Body waves (P and S) travel inside Earth. Surface waves travel along Earth’s surface. Body Waves and Surface Waves

The Focus and Epicenter of an EQ focusThe point below the Earth’s surface where faulting begins & waves originate is called the focus epicenterThe point directly above the focus on the surface is the epicenter

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