 A series of scientific developments that transformed the views of society & nature  Beginning of modern science  Introduction of the Scientific Method: Depends upon logic, observation, and reason rather than faith  Created the technologies and techniques that built the modern world  Created new model of our solar system

 Science was based almost entirely on reasoning and connected to Church beliefs Experimental method or observation wasn’t used at all Science in medieval times Alchemy – form of chemistry that was concerned with transforming metals into gold Astrology – belief that there is a relationship between astronomical phenomenon & human events

 Rise of Universities Contact with non-Western societies The Renaissance  Rediscovery of classical science Exploration Leading figures – Bacon – Copernicus – Descartes – Galileo – Kepler – Newton LEADING FIGURE OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

 Polish astronomer and mathematician who believed the Earth revolves around the sun  Wrote the book: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres  Developed the Heliocentric theory:  Sun is the center of the universe  The common theory of the time was that the Earth was the center of the universe

Geocentric Model: Accepted by the Catholic Church Heliocentric Model: Copernicus’ Theory

 English philosopher and empiricist  Preferred inductive reasoning and facts over theory  Argued for experimental methodology: developed the scientific method Step 1 Observe an object or phenomenon Step 2 Develop a theory that explains the object or phenomenon Step 3 Develop an experiment to test the theory

 French philosopher and mathematician  Reason, not tradition, is the source of all knowledge  Invented Cartesian coordinate system (xy axis)  Cogito ergo sum: “I think therefore I am”

 Italians physicist, mathematician, astronomer & philosopher  Invented the telescope, pendulum clock, thermometer, water pump, and sector  Discovered speed of acceleration for gravity  His inventions led to discoveries that contradicted the traditional view of the world  Outspoken on his view that the Sun was the center of the Universe - Forced to recant his beliefs by the Church

 German Mathematician, astronomer and astrologer  Loved the planets and made it his life’s work to explain the motion of planets  Invented an improved version of the refracting telescope  Developed the three Laws of Planetary Motion

 English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and theologian  Developed the Three Laws of Motion  Defined gravity and its laws  Tied up the loose ends of Kepler and Galileo – used his discoveries to remove the last doubts of heliocentric theory  Invented optics and calculus  Built the first practical reflecting telescope

 Developed the modern scientific method  Universe ordered according to natural laws  Discovered that scientific laws can be discovered by human reason  Took the role of a deity or god out of the study of the universe

1. Describe the Scientific Revolution. 2. What astronomer, author of On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, believed that the earth revolves around the sun? 3. Who is credited with inventing the scientific method? 4. Who came up with the Three Laws of Planetary Motion? 5. What famous Italian astronomer was convicted of heresy by the Inquisition? 6. What English scientist defined gravity?