Customization of Silicone-Epoxy Coatings The 32nd Biennial Western Coatings Symposium October 25 – October 28 4 4 4

Content Unique hybrid technology Coating benefits Understanding dual cure chemistry Curing mechanism Means of customization Different aminosilanes Data & results Completed testing Future steps

Hybrid Resin Technology Aliphatic Epoxy Corrosion resistance Chemical resistance Aminosilane Hardener Corrosion protection Chemical resistance Silicone – Epoxy Hybrid Alkoxy Silicone Resin UV resistance Low yellowing

Coating Benefits High volume solids & low VOC Excellent color & gloss retention Excellent corrosion resistance in two – coat system Cost effective against multi – coat systems Isocyanate free Excellent chemical resistance Provides a degree of anti – graffiti properties Tolerance to high humidity due to nature of curing mechanisms

Two – Coat Replacement PU 175 µm 125 µm Epoxy Zn primer Zn primer Silicone – Epoxy coating 175 µm 125 µm Epoxy Zn primer Zn primer steel substrate

Silicone – Epoxy Hybrid Dual Cure Chemistry Aliphatic Epoxy Amino Alkoxy Silane CH CH2 O R 4 Silicone – Epoxy Hybrid Alkoxy Silicone Resin R 2 Si 1 3 O 4 H2O - ROH R 1 Traditional Silane

Cross – Linking Mechanism R = Me or Et R" = Epoxy polymer (symbol) Silicone – Epoxy Hybrid O P h S i O S i O S i P h O O O P h R ´´ S i S i O Si R ´´ M e O O R O R ´´ O R O Main Curing Mechanism The hydrolysis / condensation of the alkoxy groups. Traditional Silane O R H N S i O R 2 O R

Resin Matrix Formation Cross – Linking cont’d O S i M e R P h ´ H N R = Me or Et R" = Epoxy polymer (symbol) Resin Matrix Formation

Highly Cross – Linked System Cross – Linking cont’d R = Me or Et R‘‘ = Epoxy polymer (symbol) O S i M e R P h ´ H N Highly Cross – Linked System

System Customization Aminosilane curative Primary vs. secondary Alkoxy silicone functionality Blended Alternate resin chemistry (use of co – resin) Flexible epoxy Terminated polymer Other epoxy functionalized chemistries Best combination

Aminosilane Structures AMEO molecular weight = 221 equivalent weight = 110.5 DAMO – T molecular weight = 222 equivalent weight = 74 AMMO molecular weight = 179 equivalent weight = 89.5

Aminosilane Structures cont’d 1505 similar structure to AMEO (alkoxy replacement) equivalent weight = 95.7 1124 molecular weight = 341 equivalent weight = 341 214 proprietary 80 / 20 blend calculated equivalent weight = 173.7

Silicone – Epoxy Topcoat Guiding Formulation Silicone – Epoxy Topcoat 1. Component A Wt. % 2. Component B Wt. % Silicone – Epoxy UV Light Stabilizer Deaerator Titanium Dioxide Micro Talc Silica Butyl Acetate disperse to Hegman 6+ 32.4 1.0 0.5 26.1 2.0 5.0 32.0 Aminosilane Varies Solvent 5%!

Drying Properties AMEO AMMO 1124 1505 214 Dry – to – Touch (Hrs.) 3.5 4 mil drawdown on glass AMEO AMMO 1124 1505 214 DAMO – T Dry – to – Touch (Hrs.) 3.5 2 0.5 5 1.5 2.5 Through Dry (Hrs.) 6 4.5 1.0 7.5 *Measured with dry time recorder.

Drying Properties cont’d 4 mil drawdown on glass slower curative AMEO AMMO 1124 1505 214 DAMO – T Dry – to – Touch Through Dry *Measured with dry time recorder.

Time After Curing Initiated 60° Gloss vs. Time 4 mil drawdown on 3B Leneta Time After Curing Initiated Curative initial 1 Hr. 2 Hrs. 3 Hrs. 4 Hrs. 5 Hrs. 6 Hrs. 7 Hrs. AMEO 87.2 85.7 86.5 86.6 87.4 87.0 88.0 AMMO 87.8 87.1 82.4 86.7 91.0 92.7 93.2 93.4 1124 91.5 91.1 91.7 90.5 1505 89.8 88.8 88.7 87.9 88.5 87.7 214 80.5 77.1 77.4 78.1 79.0 79.5 81.7 DAMO – T 87.3 84.2 85.0 90.8 92.8 93.3

Pencil Hardness (ASTM D 3363) Rocker Hardness (ASTM D 2134) Hardness Build With Time 4 mil drawdown on steel “Q” panel Cure Time Allowed Pencil Hardness (ASTM D 3363) Rocker Hardness (ASTM D 2134) Curative 24 Hrs. 7 Days 14 Days AMEO HB 4H 6H 9 26 AMMO F 3H 11 21 24 1124 7H 9H 16 27 1505 2B H 4 8 214 DAMO – T B 2H 2 6 7

Adhesion Testing Cross-Hatch Adhesion (ASTM D 3359) Curative AMEO AMMO conventional spray applied Cross-Hatch Adhesion (ASTM D 3359) Curative direct to metal comments EP Zn AMEO 4B ---------- 3B failed at primer / metal interface AMMO 1124 1B extremely brittle 1505 214 2B DAMO – T *EP = Macropoxy 646 primer Zn = Zinc Clad II Plus primer

conventional spray applied Cylindrical Mandrel Bend (ASTM D 522) Flexibility Testing conventional spray applied Cylindrical Mandrel Bend (ASTM D 522) Curative direct to metal elongation EP Zn AMEO 1/8” > 30% 3/8” 10.5% 5/8” 6.5% AMMO 3/4” 5.2% > 1” < 3.9% 1124 1505 214 1” 3.9% DAMO – T

flexible (cylindrical) Flexibility Testing cont’d conventional spray applied flexible (cylindrical) curative AMEO AMMO 1124 1505 214 DAMO-T direct to metal epoxy primer zinc rich primer

conventional spray applied Conical Mandrel Bend (ASTM D 522) Flexibility Testing cont’d conventional spray applied Conical Mandrel Bend (ASTM D 522) Curative direct to metal elongation EP Zn AMEO 1/4” 30% 3 1/4” 5.6% 5 3/4” 3.2% AMMO 4 3/4” 3.9% > 6” < 2% 1124 1505 1/2” 20% 4” 4.8% 214 5 1/2” 3% DAMO – T 0” > 32% 5” 3.7%

Flexibility Testing cont’d conventional spray applied flexible (conical) curative AMEO AMMO 1124 1505 214 DAMO-T direct to metal epoxy primer zinc rich primer

conventional spray applied Impact Resistance (ASTM D 2974 Direct Impact) conventional spray applied AMEO AMMO 1124 1505 214 DAMO – T direct to metal 15” 12” 6” 18” 10” epoxy primer 13” 11” 7” 9” zinc rich primer 5” 4” 3” *Measured using 900 gram total weight with 1/4” conical head.

conventional spray applied Chemical Resistance (ASTM D 1308 Spot Test) conventional spray applied AMEO AMMO 1124 24 Hrs. 7 Days Chemical EP Zn MEK 5 MIBK n-Butyl Acetate 3 4 Ethyl Alcohol Xylene Mineral Spirits Acetone 50% Sodium Hydroxide 2 Ammonia 1M Nitric Acid 1M Hydrochloric Acid 1M Sulfuric Acid 1M Phosphoric Acid 1M Acetic Acid

conventional spray applied Chemical Resistance cont’d conventional spray applied 1505 214 DAMO – T 24 Hrs. 7 Days Chemical EP Zn MEK 5 3 4 MIBK n-Butyl Acetate 2 Ethyl Alcohol Xylene Mineral Spirits Acetone 50% Sodium Hydroxide Ammonia 1M Nitric Acid 1M Hydrochloric Acid 1M Sulfuric Acid 1M Phosphoric Acid 1M Acetic Acid

Chemical Resistance cont’d conventional spray applied resistance curative AMEO AMMO 1124 1505 214 DAMO-T solvents bases acids

Weathering Resistance Test Method QUV B 3000 Hours Cycle: 4 Hrs. / 4 Hrs. Silicone – Epoxy Topcoat cured with AMEO Initial Gloss (60°) 89.2 Gloss After 3000 Hrs. 36.8 ΔE After 3000 Hrs. 4.8 Chalking 5 Test Method Salt Spray Test DIN 53 210 (Rust Grade) Silicone – Epoxy Topcoat cured with AMEO 2000 Hrs. 4

Future Steps Investigate DAMO – T crosslinking ability Run alternate performance testing Submersion chemical resistance Adhesion on surface prepared substrate Perform environmental testing Florida exposure Salt fog Humidity QUV Customization via silicone – epoxy resin