Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education 1-1 Chapter 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? Essentials of Organizational Behavior, Global Edition 12e Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge

1-2 After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1.Define organizational behavior (OB). 2.Show the value to OB of systematic study. 3.Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB. 4.Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB. 5.Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts. 6.Identify the three levels of analysis in OB. Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-3 The Field of Organizational Behavior  Organizational behavior studies the influence that individuals, groups and structure have on behavior within organizations  Its chief goal is to apply that knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-4 Focal Points of OB  Jobs  Work  Absenteeism  Employment turnover  Productivity  Human performance  Management Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-5 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study  Intuition: your “gut feeling” explanation of behavior  Systematic study improves ability to accurately predict behavior  Assumes behavior is not random  Fundamental consistencies underlie behavior  These can be identified and modified to reflect individual differences Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-6 Systematic Study  Examines relationships  Attempts to attribute causes and effects  Bases conclusions on scientific evidence:  Data is gathered under controlled conditions  Data is measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-7 Evidence-Based Management  Evidence-based management: Bases decisions on the best available scientific evidence  Complements systematic study  Forces managers to become more scientific in their thinking Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field 1-8 PsychologySocial PsychologySociologyAnthropology Micro: The Individual Macro: Groups & Organizations Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-9 Few Absolutes in OB  Impossible to make simple and accurate generalizations  Human beings are complex and diverse  OB concepts must reflect situational conditions: contingency variables Contingency Variable (Z) Independent Variable (X) Dependent Variable (Y) In American Culture Boss Gives “Thumbs Up” Sign Understood as Complimenting In Iranian or Australian Cultures Boss Gives “Thumbs Up” Sign Understood as Insulting - “Up Yours!” Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-10 Challenges and Opportunities for OB  Responding to economic pressures  Responding to globalization  Managing workplace diversity  Improving customer service  Improving people skills  Stimulating innovation and change  Coping with “temporariness”  Working in networked organizations  Helping employees with work-life conflicts  Improving ethical behavior Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-11 Responding to Economic Pressures  Effective management is especially important during tough economic times  Employees look to their managers to provide security during the instability of a recession Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-12 Responding to Globalization  Increased foreign assignments  Differing needs and aspirations in workforce  Working with people from different cultures  Domestic motivational techniques and managerial styles may not work  Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

Managing Workforce Diversity 1-13  Workforce diversity: organizations are becoming a more heterogeneous mix of people in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-14 Diversity Categories  Gender  Race  National origin  Age  Disability  Domestic partners  Religion Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-15 Improving Customer Service and People Skills  The majority of employees in developed nations work in service jobs  They must know how to please their customers  People skills are essential to success in today’s organizations Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-16 Stimulating Innovation and Change  Flexibility  Quality Improvement  Staying Competitive Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-17 Coping with Temporariness  Jobs are constantly changing  Skills need to be updated for workers to stay on target  Workers need to be able to deal with change  Employees need to be able to cope with flexibility, spontaneity and unpredictability Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-18 Working in Networked Organizations  Managers must adapt their skills and communication styles to succeed in an online environment Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-19 Helping Employees Handle Work-Life Conflict  The line between work and non work has blurred and managers are increasingly dealing with conflicts that arise between work and life away from work Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-20 Improving Ethical Behavior  Managers facing ethical dilemmas or ethical choices are required to identify right and wrong conduct  This can be difficult on a global economy where different cultures approach decisions from different perspectives  Companies promoting strong ethical missions:  Encourage employees to behave with integrity  Provide strong leadership that influence employee decisions to behave ethically Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

Three Levels of OB Analysis 1-21 Chapters Chapters Chapters Plan of the Book Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-22 Implications for Managers  OB helps with:  Insights to improve people skills  Valuing of workforce diversity  Empowering people and creating a positive work environment  Dealing with change in the workplace  Coping in a world of temporariness  Creating an ethically healthy work environment Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-23 Keep in Mind…  OB’s goal is to understand and predict human behavior in organizations  Fundamental consistencies underlie behavior  It is more important than ever to learn OB concepts  Both managers and employees must learn to cope with temporariness Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-24 Summary 1.Defined Organizational Behavior (OB). 2.Showed the value to OB of systematic study. 3.Identified the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB. 4.Demonstrated how few absolutes apply in OB. 5.Identified the major challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts. 6.Identified the three levels of analysis in OB. Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education

1-25 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education