Integrating Multiple Demands on Coastal Zones with Emphasis on Aquatic Ecosystems and Fisheries Work Package 4 Team: Birane Samb, Cheng Heqin, Francisco Arreguín-Sánchez, Graham Pearce, Hugo Arancibia, Jeremy Mendoza, John Pinnegar, Luca Palmeri, Lynne Shannon, Maria de los Angeles Gasalla, Nicholas Polunin, Paul Eastwood, Philippe Cury, Steve Mackinson, Victor Hugo Cruz-Escalona, … and more colleagues that are being incorporated from partners institutions SIXTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME

Partners The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centre de Recherches Oceanographiques de Dakar, Thiarone The University Court of the University of Aberdeen Universidad de São Paulo East China Normal University Marine and Coastal Management Branch of Environmental Affaire and Tourism Universidad de Concepción The University of Newcastle upon Tyne Università degli Studi di Padova United Kingdom Mexico Senegal United Kingdom South Africa Chile Brasil China Italy Work Package 4 colleagues. from 10 institutions, from 8 countries,. from 4 continents. Instituto de Pesca de Brasil

Work Package 4 Objectives Objectives: Overcome the “Shifting Baseline Sindrome” Provide Authoritative Species Inventories Provide Ecosystem Models Assist in Sizing and Siting of Marine Protected Areas Provide Framework and Tools for analysis of Interactions and Flows in the Coastal Zone Provide Simple Indicators for Sustainable Resource Use Valuation of Coastal Ecosystem Services Evaluate Pros and Cons of Ecotourism Review Legal Instruments Relevant for Sustainable Coastal Resource Use Provide Access to Relevant Data, Tools and Concepts Bringing it All Together

Work Package 4 Objectives: The overall goal of the “Ecosystem Modelling” workpackage is to provide standardized ecosystem models for all selected ecosystems. WP-1 Compile and make available all data relevant for the construction of models for the selected LMEs (interacts with WP-1 ); Construct standardized ecosystem models; WP 5 Work closely with WP 5 on the size and placement of protected areas. Explore patterns of response of impacted ecosystems, testing hypothesis on resilience and impact of fisheries on ecosystems. WPs 1, 2. & 7 Contribute to the exploration of ecosystem attributes in a two levels strategy, one within each model exploring impact of fishing, compatibility of conservation and exploitation under sustainable use of the ecosystems, resilience, among others. The second level will be a meta- analysis, searching patterns of response of aquatic ecosystems (to human activities, ecosystem attributes, structural and functional behaviour, etc...) (interacts with WPs 1, 2. & 7 )

Interaction with other Working Packages Work Package 4 WP-7: Sustainability Indicators WP-2: Shifting Baselines WP-3: Biodiversity Mapping WP-9: Impact of Ecotourism WP-8: Valuation of Ecosystem Services WP-10: Legal Instruments WP-6: Coastal Transects WP-5: Marine Protected Areas WP-11: Project Management WP-1: Data, Tools and Outreach WP-4: Ecosystem modelling

Work Package 4 Deliverables: D4.1 Data relevant for ecosystem modelling disseminated through WP-1 D4.2 Ecosystem models available for all incofish ecosystems D4.3 Spatial ecosystem models available for all selected LME’s D4.4 Further development of models, interactions with WPs, final report D4.5 At least five scientific publications related to this WP to be published or submitted by WP members before the end of the project

Work Package 4 Description of work: WP 1 Standardized ecosystem models for all selected ecosystems will be provided with the objective to compile and make available (through WP 1 ) all data relevant for model construction. WP 5 Work closely with WP 5 on the size and placement of protected areas. WPs 1, 2 &7 Some simulation scenarios and hypotheses will be tested through the models involving aspects such as biodiversity conservation and fisheries conflicts, impact of fisheries on the ecosystems, resilience, fisheries management, meta- analysis and search for patterns of ecosystem response (interaction with WPs 1, 2 &7 )

Working Package 4 WORK PLAN We had not opportunity to discuss the details of the work that we are going to do; however the basis were given in the technical annex and some additional things can be said about. Even when one of the objectives and deliverables of the WP4 is to provide standardized ecosystem models, the main goal is not the construction per se. The most relevant aspect once models are constructed is their use to testing hypotheses or simulate scenarios (including MPAs). In the proposal (technical annex) we emphasize the exploration of MPAs working in coordination with WP5. We need to discuss this in detail during the first WP4 workshop to decide how to do this. However at the end of the first year we must make available all ecosystem models, and on month 25 spatial models must be available for exploring size and placement of MPAs (within WP5). However not all the models are necessarily aimed to spatial aspects focused on MPAs, and we must discuss this within the WP4 and WP5. (Dr. Nick Polunin will probably talk more about).

Working Package 4 Salt marsh wetland Yangtze estuary North Sea area IV (two groups, u/discussion) Adriatic Sea Senegambian ecosystem Benguela current Central Gulf of California Central Gulf of Mexico Campeche Bank South Brazil Shelf Central Chile In combination with WP5 Firth Moray

Working Package 4 Nine Large Marine Ecosystems are represented in the WP4

Working Package 4 North Sea LME Firth Moray ecosystem Fishing areas IVa, IVb & IVc Adriatic Sea Mediterranean LME In combination with WP-5

Working Package 4 Gulf of California LME Gulf of Mexico LME Alvarado Lagoon, continental shelf and coral reefs Central Gulf of California Campeche Bank In combination with WP-5

Working Package 4 Humboldt Current LME South Brazil Shelf LME Central Chile ecosystem South Brazil ecosystem

Working Package 4 East China Sea LME Salt marsh wetland ecosystem, Yangtze estuary

Working Package 4 Benguela Current LME Canary Current LME Benguela current ecosystem Senegambian ecosystem

Working Package 4 There is a variety of ecosystems covering very interesting characteristics: Different Latitudes, Continents, Oceans and Large Marine Ecosystems Different type of ecosystems: upwellings, pelagic, benthic, continental shelves, wetlands, semi-closed seas. Different fisheries and management problems, overexploitation, stocks depletion, conflicts between industrial and artisanal fisheries and with conservation, among others. With this variety of ecosystems we have an excellent opportunity to test hypotheses, explore patterns of response of ecosystems to perturbations, explore MPAs, and particularly the opportunity to perform comparative analysis (meta-analysis).

Work Package 4 Milestones and expected results First workshop to define and distribute tasks such as selection and assignment of ecosystems to be modelled, suggest hypothesis and scenarios to be tested (WP members, representatives of WP1 and 5; month 5); Second workshop to start service function for other WPs, construct ecosystem models (WP members; representatives of other WPs, month 13); testing hypothesis and scenarios Third workshop to construct ecosystem models (WP members; representatives of other WPs, month 19); testing hypothesis and scenarios Forth workshop to present ecosystem models, prepare meta- analysis (WP members, representatives of other (of) WPs; (1,3,5,8,9) month 30). testing hypothesis and scenarios

Working Package 4 First workshop We must define: Ecosystems, their limits, and characteristics. Relevant topics to be considered for each case. What ecosystems are expected to approach MPAs Suggest (and document) potential hypothesis to be tested (to be decided for the second WKS)

Working Package 4 Start up meeting ( today ) D4.3 D5.3 size and placement selected MPAs ( ) spatial ecosystem models available ( ) D 4.1 Data relevant for ecosystem modelling dissemination through WP1 D 4.2 Ecosystem models available for all models D 4.3 Spatial ecosystem models available for all ecosystems D 4.4 Further development of models; interaction with other WPs D 4.5 At least 5 puiblications or submitted at the endo of the project W1 W2 W3 W4 ecosystem models available ( ) DEFINE & DISTRIBUTE TASKS, ASSIGNEMENT ECOSYSTEMS START SERVICE FUNCTIONS OTHER WPs. TESTING HYPOTHESIS SPATIAL MODEL CONSTRUCTION. TESTING HYPOTHESIS PRESENT ECOSYSTEM MODELS META-ANALYSIS