Trafficking in human persons is a particularly abusive form of migration. The adoption in 2000 by the United Nations General Assembly of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children marked a significant milestone in international efforts to stop the trade in people. Despite the development of International law related to trafficking in recent years, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime has noted in 2010 that “People trafficking is the fastest growing means by which people are enslaved, the fastest growing international crime, and one of the largest sources of income for organised crime”.Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children

Human trafficking is the modern equivalent of slavery and is an illegal activity that generates billions of dollars and involves an estimated 27 million slaves around the world. Of those, 95% experienced physical or sexual violence. The majority of trafficking victims are between 18 and 24 years of age. It is also estimated that 1.2 million children are trafficked each year. Discrimination and poverty are priority areas which should be addressed in order to succeed in the fight against trafficking. Addressing the root causes can only be achieved through international efforts. Human trafficking will not be eradicated without the political will and commitment at the highest levels to make it a priority locally, nationally, regionally and internationally. Progress has been made in improving coordination but we need a truly integrated response to the problem, primarily within the UN.

Video – MTV video ‘All I need’ – Radiohead (3:48) gpM‘All I need’ – Radiohead gpM

Human Trafficking is … Labour trafficking is Recruiting, hiding, moving, providing or getting someone. 2. Forcing, tricking or threatening them to work for little or no pay. The person cannot leave if he/ she wanted to. 3. Taking advantage of them and using them as slaves to work. Sex trafficking is Recruiting, hiding, moving, providing or getting someone over age Forcing, tricking or threatening them. 3. Taking advantage of them and using them for sexual services to make money. The trafficked person does not get to keep any or very little of the money. OR 1. Recruiting, hiding, moving, providing or getting someone under age Taking advantage of them and using them for sexual services to make money or in exchange for something such as food and housing.

Who is the trafficker? - A stranger - Often family members, friends or a boyfriend

More than 700,000 women, children and men are trafficked across borders every year. 2 to 4 million people men, women and children are trafficked across borders and within their own country every year. Source: US State Department Human trafficking happens in every country How big is the problem?

Anyone could be trafficked, but most likely to be trafficked are: - women - living in poverty and/or in an unstable family situation - women - living in poverty and/or in an unstable family situation

Why does human trafficking happen? Being poor and seeing that people are richer in other places Unfair treatment of girls and women Treating people who have come to your country or who live in your country badly and not listening to their problems

Why does human trafficking happen? People not being able to go to school or get a job where they live. Natural disasters and wars – this can lead to children being left without parents. Chaos in society can mean that the vulnerable are not protected.

Why does human trafficking happen? We want cheap products – that is why employers cut costs by not paying workers enough Globalisation - complex supply chains may mean that companies don’t check the working conditions of their suppliers. This could lead to suppliers cutting costs by employing trafficked labour.

Equal rights for everyone? If our communities believe that:  women have less worth than men  women have no right to choose what they do with their lives  it is alright for men to dominate them If girls are:  denied access to education  only allowed to do poorly paid, unregulated jobs such as domestic care or cleaning  looked on as commodities 

Equal rights for everyone? If women aren’t being treated as equals  than they could end up being sold!

What is sex trafficking? Sex trafficking means that people are: deceived or removed from their homes & forced to sell sex

Sex trafficking 70% of all women who are trafficked are sexually exploited Source: US Department of State 70% of all women who are trafficked are sexually exploited Source: US Department of State Sexually exploited Other: forced labour, forced marriage,… Trafficked women

Sex trafficking  brothel areas sometimes in places pretending to be:  saunas  massage parlors  ordinary homes Where does this sexual exploitation happen?

Sex trafficking To whom does it happen? 98% of those trafficked into sexual exploitation are women and girls Source: ILO 98% of those trafficked into sexual exploitation are women and girls Source: ILO

Sex trafficking To whom does it happen? Trafficked into sexual exploitation

Sex trafficking Why are women so vulnerable? Traffickers know how to exploit this vulnerability of women: Women have less educational and job opportunities than men. Women have less educational and job opportunities than men. promising good jobs in the hotel industry, modeling,... offering good study opportunities

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Globalisation Example  pair of shoes: Before: made from local animals, sewn together locally, sold locally. Now: animals from one part of the country provide the leather, the sewing done in another town, the shoes sold elsewhere, exported abroad.

Globalisation Any part of the production process could happen anywhere The product will be produced in the country where the cheapest labour is

Globalisation Problem: It is difficult for the consumer to know if the factories and farms that make their products or grow their food, are not using trafficked persons or other forms of exploitation in producing these products

Example Video on raising awareness on the worst forms of child labour in West-Africa YtIw YtIw (7:59)