Warm Up Journal 09/05 1. The lines on the map to the right indicate _________________. 2. Explain the difference between rotation and revolution? 3. How would an increase in the rate of Earth’s rotation affect the length of a day? 4. What causes seasons?

Warm Up Journal 09/05 1. The lines on the map to the right indicate ___longitude__. 2. Explain the difference between rotation and revolution? Rotation spinning on axis, revolution is moving around another object 3. How would an increase in the rate of Earth’s rotation affect the length of a day? Days would be shorter 4. What causes seasons? The angle at which the sun’s rays strike the surface of the earth

3.2 & 3.3 Mapping the Earth’s Surface

Map Projections Cartography: the science of making maps A cartographer is a map maker. Journal Question : What might be some challenges in representing the Earth’s surface accurately?

Challenge of making maps… Transferring a curved surface into a flat representation! Map projection: a flat map that represents the 3 dimensional curved surface of a globe 3 common map projections – Mercator – Gnomic – Conic

Mercator Projection – Meridians are evenly spaced Parallels are closer at the equator and further apart at the poles – Accurate near equator, but distorts the map at the poles – Useful because: longitude and latitude are on a grid Shapes of small areas are accurate

Gnomic Projection – Projection from the point of view of one point (usually a pole) – Accurate at the point of contact but distortion increases further away from the contact. – Useful in planning air travel

Conic Projection – Projection created when a paper cone is placed over a globe

Journal What are a couple of things that are useful to you when interpreting the map pictured below?

Reading a Map Legend: a list of symbols and their meanings Compass: direction on a map Map Scale: indicates the relationship between distance shown on the map and actual distance.

Topographic Maps Show surface features, topography. – Rivers – Hills – Buildings – Roads

Elevation: height above sea level – Measured from mean sea level = 0 Contour Lines: lines that show elevation – Any point along a line is at the elevation indicated by the map

Contour Intervals: The difference between one contour line and the next. Journal # 7 : If the contour Interval is 15 meters, what is the elevation at point Y and at Point X? -x -Y 0 meters (sea level)

Landforms on Topo Maps Journal #8 : What might be indicated when contour intervals are very close together?

Depression Contours: show that an area is decreasing in elevation

Journal: What land features may require a depression contour when shown in a topographic map?

Time to practice with Contour Maps!!!