1. Mapping
Earth Science

2. Mapping Maps – graphic representation of earth and its features.
Maps are a model
Models cannot show every detail
Mercator (1569)
Longitude lines are parallel
Still used by sailors today

3. Mapping Conic – wrap a cone around a globe
Used to make road and weather maps
Gnomic – looking down on the North Pole
Used by sailors travelling across the ocean
Robinson
Most widely used
Distance distorted around the edges of the map (polar regions)

8. Mapping Latitude – distance north or south of the equator (0 degrees)
Measured in degrees
Longitude – distance east or west of the prime meridian (0 degrees)
Prime meridian – line running north and south through Greenwich, England

9. Topography What is topography? What is a topographic map?
Study of Earth’s surface features (also other bodies in the solar system)
What is a topographic map?
Map that shows the elevation of Earth’s surface.
Contour lines – lines of equal height
Contour interval – distance in elevation between adjacent contour lines

10. Topography Relief – difference in elevation Contouring Rules:
High relief: large differences in elevation
Example: mountain ranges
Contouring Rules:
Each contour line represents ONLY 1 elevation
Closely spaced contour lines indicate high relief (or a steep slope)
Lines that cross a valley are V-Shaped
If a stream runs through the valley, the V’s will point upstream

11. Contour lines Water Vegetation Buildings Roads Index Contour
New features