Renewable Energy Strategic Action Plan For American Samoa August 2015

As with other Pacific utilities, ASPA faces challenges due to its remoteness

 Made up of 4 Divisions: Power (Generation, T&D), Water, Waste Water, & Solid Waste  ASPA Serves the 55,000+ population of American Samoa In Tutuila, Aunuu, & the Manu’a Islands serving approximately 12,300 Customers  Current Peak = 23 MW (Peak in 2005 = 28MW)  Annual Diesel Gen. Production = 154 Million kWh  Annual PV (RE) Production = 3.8 Million kWh  PV Energy makes up 2.4% of Energy Production General Information about A.S.P.A.

1.High cost of imported petroleum acts as a brake on the local economy 2.Economists say that every increased dollar received by low- and moderate-income families has a multiplier effect of between 1.5 to 2 times the original amount 3.Burning petroleum increases CO 2 in the air 4.Handling petroleum presents a risk of spills in the ocean The Real Cost of Energy:

PhotoVoltaic Renewable Energy development -- Which direction to take? Wind Nuclear Geothermal Hydro OTEC Bio-Diesel PIC

In April, 2013, Govenor Lolo Matalasi Moliga re-established the American Samoa Renewable Energy Committee Since then ASREC has written a Strategic Energy Plan for the Territory as well as an Energy Action Plan, outlining specific tasks to achieve energy independence, while following an aggressive timetable Since then ASREC has written a Strategic Energy Plan for the Territory as well as an Energy Action Plan, outlining specific tasks to achieve energy independence, while following an aggressive timetable All but one of the projects outlined in the Action Plan are on schedule and within budget. All but one of the projects outlined in the Action Plan are on schedule and within budget.

Moving Forward WtE, Wind & PV Geothermal Diesel Generators A two-pronged approach to Energy Future

Renewable Energy Projects Underway Tutuila Island PV Solar System Tutuila Island PV Solar System Manu’a Islands 100% RE Initiative Manu’a Islands 100% RE Initiative Waste Conversion Waste Conversion Organic Rankine Cycle Generator Organic Rankine Cycle Generator Wind Map Wind Map Wind Turbine Wind Turbine Grid Stability Study Grid Stability Study Geothermal Investigation Geothermal Investigation

Solar PV ASPA’s Total installed PV capacity to date is 1.75 MW. There is also an additional 0.70 MW of privately owned PV capacity. Combined these installations generate approximately 3,800 MWh per year. ASPA’s Total installed PV capacity to date is 1.75 MW. There is also an additional 0.70 MW of privately owned PV capacity. Combined these installations generate approximately 3,800 MWh per year. Total avoided diesel consumption = 262,000 Gal. Total avoided diesel consumption = 262,000 Gal.

Additional Solar Solar PV At present an additional 1.2 MW is being installed at two locations by ASPA Airport Overflow Site: 218kW (Completed) Airport Overflow Site: 218kW (Completed) ASPA Campus Parcel C: 1.06MW (Under Construction) ASPA Campus Parcel C: 1.06MW (Under Construction) An additional 146,000 Gal. of diesel per year will be saved An additional 146,000 Gal. of diesel per year will be saved

Manu’a 100% Renewable Energy Initiative As established in the ASREC Action Plan, the goal is to make the Manu’a islands 100% RE dependent by October 2016… As established in the ASREC Action Plan, the goal is to make the Manu’a islands 100% RE dependent by October 2016… Both the Ofu and Ta’u Solar Hybrid projects have been awarded. Both the Ofu and Ta’u Solar Hybrid projects have been awarded.

Manu’a 100% Renewable Energy Initiative – Ofu & Olosega Population: 353 Population: 353 Customers: 132 Customers: 132 Peak Load: 109kW Peak Load: 109kW Base Load: 67kW Base Load: 67kW FY14 Prod.: 623,000kWh FY14 Prod.: 623,000kWh FY14 Diesel Usage: 67,000 Gal FY14 Diesel Usage: 67,000 Gal Proposed PV Hybrid System: 341 kW PV, 1MWh Energy Storage Proposed PV Hybrid System: 341 kW PV, 1MWh Energy Storage Estimated Savings: Approx. 50,000 gal Estimated Savings: Approx. 50,000 gal

Manu’a 100% Renewable Energy Initiative – Ta’u Population: 790 Population: 790 Customers: 203 Customers: 203 Peak Load: 229kW Peak Load: 229kW Base Load: 155kW Base Load: 155kW FY14 Prod.: 1,300,000kWh FY14 Prod.: 1,300,000kWh FY14 Diesel Usage: 105,000 Gal FY14 Diesel Usage: 105,000 Gal Est. PV Hybrid System:1200 kW PV, 3MWh Energy Storage Est. PV Hybrid System:1200 kW PV, 3MWh Energy Storage Estimated Savings: Approx. 84,000 gal Estimated Savings: Approx. 84,000 gal

Manu’a 100% Renewable Energy Initiative Milestones for completion of the Manu’a 100% RE initiative are: Ofu groundbreaking by September 2015 Ofu groundbreaking by September 2015 Ta’u groundbreaking by October 2015 Ta’u groundbreaking by October 2015 After commissioning, both Hybrid systems will be monitored and assessed to plan for additional capacity to achieve 100% RE

Waste-Conversion ASPA has signed a PPA with a contractor, to purchase energy from a Waste-Conversion Plant at the landfill using 62TPD of MSW ASPA has signed a PPA with a contractor, to purchase energy from a Waste-Conversion Plant at the landfill using 62TPD of MSW The Waste Conversion Plant is expected to produce 54,000 kWh/day or 17,700,000 kWh/year and will produce about 10% of ASPA’s total generation The Waste Conversion Plant is expected to produce 54,000 kWh/day or 17,700,000 kWh/year and will produce about 10% of ASPA’s total generation While producing electricity, the plant will also extend the life of the Landfill While producing electricity, the plant will also extend the life of the Landfill

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) The ORC generator utilizes an organic fluid that boils at a low temperature but at high pressure. It recovers energy from waste heat extracted from the diesel engine cooling water system to generate electricity The ORC generator utilizes an organic fluid that boils at a low temperature but at high pressure. It recovers energy from waste heat extracted from the diesel engine cooling water system to generate electricity Energy generated from the waste heat is estimated to be 2,526,000 kWh/year. Avoided fuel in gallons is 166,560 gallons Energy generated from the waste heat is estimated to be 2,526,000 kWh/year. Avoided fuel in gallons is 166,560 gallons ORC units are nearly operational pending control software reprogramming ORC units are nearly operational pending control software reprogramming

Wind Study AWS Truepower has completed the Wind Map Resource Study for Tutuila Island AWS Truepower has completed the Wind Map Resource Study for Tutuila Island The Wind Map includes wind energy production information for different Wind Generator models that are suitable for use in American Samoa The Wind Map includes wind energy production information for different Wind Generator models that are suitable for use in American Samoa

Wind Generation ASPA will be installing two each PowerWorks 100 kW wind turbines starting in August 2015 ASPA will be installing two each PowerWorks 100 kW wind turbines starting in August 2015 It is estimated that each turbine will produce approximately 138,000 kWh/year It is estimated that each turbine will produce approximately 138,000 kWh/year

Grid Stability Study Study by: Siemens PTI Identify optimal dispatch pattern for expected demand pattern ( ) Identify options to mitigate against instability from high penetration of RE Provide system model to perform studies in the future in ETAP format

Geothermal Generation ASPA is currently conducting research into the feasibility of Geothermal Generation ASPA is currently conducting research into the feasibility of Geothermal Generation Preliminary estimates indicate that ASPA would be able to provide geothermal energy at almost half of the current cost of providing diesel-generated electricity Preliminary estimates indicate that ASPA would be able to provide geothermal energy at almost half of the current cost of providing diesel-generated electricity

Phase I: Preliminary Geothermal 1. Regional Geology 2. Local Structural Geology 3. Groundwater Geochemistry 4. Shallow Soil Gas Survey (CO 2, Radon)

NNW Holocene Rift Zone Principal Area of Interest

1-Geology Surface Mapping/Cross Sections Fracture System Identification 2- Geochemistry Groundwater Soil Gas 3- Geophysics (Magnetotellurics) Phase II: Investigation of the NNW Holocene Rift Zone 1-Geology Surface Mapping/Cross Sections Fracture System Identification 2- Geochemistry Groundwater Soil Gas 3- Geophysics (Magnetotellurics)

Surface Exploration – Soil Gas Surveys (CO 2 ) CO 2 concentration in soil (as volume %) Anomalous concentration is >4.7% (blue)

Surface Exploration – Soil Gas Surveys (Radon) Radon concentration in soil (as picocuries/L) Anomalous concentration is >400 (yellow)

3D Inversion Model Profile 2-NS As a result of the Magnetotururics, a conductor layer of low resistivity has been identified in the Area of Interest. Such layers – although not conclusive of an existing geothermal resource, are consistent with geothermal activity at other locations.

Next Steps – TG Drilling With the completion of the Preliminary, Geochemical and Geophysical investigations, three site have been identified for Thermal Gradient Drilling, to begin at the end of August.

Conclusion If Geothermal Resource is verified, ASPA will develop resource as base load, and integrate with other RE resource If Geothermal Resource is verified, ASPA will develop resource as base load, and integrate with other RE resource If the Geothermal study is negative, ASPA will continue with utility scale PV, and Wind Turbines. It will also look into alternative fuels such as Natural Gas If the Geothermal study is negative, ASPA will continue with utility scale PV, and Wind Turbines. It will also look into alternative fuels such as Natural Gas

Faafetai Tele Lava, Soifua