DEGREADATION CONGERVATION SOIL DEGREADATION CONGERVATION S.St.-Powerpoint presentation By-M.S.Solanki JNV- Nowgong Chhatarpur Geography Lesson-02

SOIL The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth is called soil. It is closely linked to land.

Soil erosion and depletion are the major threats to soil as a resource Soil erosion and depletion are the major threats to soil as a resource. Both human and natural factors can lead to degradation of soils

SOIL EROSION AND DEGREDATION Erosion - Wearing away and transportation of soil by wind, water, or ice. Worldwide removes 25.4 Billion tons/yr. Made worse by deforestation and desertification. Poor agricultural practices increase erosion and lead to the transport of associated fertilizers and pesticides.

THINK ABOUT ITS REASON Deforestation Overgrazing Overuse of fertilisers and pestisides Landslides Floodes Rainwash

ACTIVITY How can we stop it. Now you have a task of 5 minits divide into 4 groups and find out some methods and measures for soil conservation.

Soil Conservation Practices When topsoil is lost, fertility is reduced or destroyed, thus fertilizers must be used to restore fertility. Raises food costs, and increases sediment loads in waterways. Over 20% of US land is suitable for agriculture, but only 2% does not require some form of soil conservation practice.

Soil conservation Trrace forming Let us discus These are made on the steep slopes so that flat surfaces are available to grow crops.They can reduce surface run-off and soil errosion.

Soil conservation

FLOW OF WATER SLOW DOWN BECAUSE OF THESE STEPS

2.Rock Dam Rocks are pilled up to slow down the flow of water. This prevents gullies and further soil loss.

Contour Farming - Tilling at right angles to the slope of the land Contour Farming - Tilling at right angles to the slope of the land. Each ridge acts as a small dam.

Contour Ploughing Contour barriers :Stones, grass, soil are used to build barriers along contours. Trenches are made in front of the barriers to collect the water.

CONTOUR PLUGHING

Mulching : The bare ground between plants is covered with a layer of organic matter like straw. It helps to retain soil moisture.

Intercropping : Different crops are grown in alternate rows and are sown at different times to protect the soil from rain wash.

Contour Ploughing Ploughing parallel to the contours of a hill slope to form a natural barrier for water to flow down the slope

Shelter belts : In the coastal and dry regions, rows of trees are planted to check the wind movement to protect soil cover

HEAVY WINDS WITH SHELTER BELTS

SHELTER BELTS TO BREAK THE SPEED OF HEAVY WINDS

Activity In India soils could be alluvial, black, red, laterite, desertic and mountain soil. Collect a handful of different types of soil and observe how they are different?

EXERCISE Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to checksoil erosion on steep slopes? (a) shelter belts (b) mulching (c) terrace cultivation What can we do to stop soil degradation.? What is trrace forming.?

THE END THANKS