Warm-up 1. What is the term used to refer to the ‘great split in the church’? 2. Why did the churches split? 3. What was Justinian’s code? 4. Define Excommunication. 5. What is the name of the church that Justinian constructed and supported the building of?

Warm-up pt. 2 List two ways the Byzantine Empire impacted Kiev Russia Who were the Mongols? (Testing your knowledge) Who was the vicious Mongol leader

Russian Architecture Onion Domes is a type of architectural dome that frequently adorns Russian Orthodox Churches. domeRussian Orthodox ChurchesdomeRussian Orthodox Churches

St. Basil’s Cathedral Moscow, Russia

Mongol Influences in the West Nomadic people from central Asia –great horseman –Lead by Genghis Khan- one of the most feared warriors of all time –He launched a campaign of terror across central Asia The Mongols destroyed one city after another By 1225, Central Asia was under Mongol control

Genghis Khan Three things that made him such a great conqueror: 1.He was a brilliant organizer. He assembled his Mongol warriors into a mighty force, following the model of the Chinese military. 2.He was a gifted strategist. He used various tricks to confuse his enemy. 3.Used cruelty as a weapon. He believed in terrifying his enemies into surrender. Genghis Khan dies in 1227 from illness. His successors continue to expand his empire Genghis Khan dies in 1227 from illness. His successors continue to expand his empire

Pax Mongolica From the mid 1200’s-1300’s, the Mongols imposed stability and law and order across much of Eurasia. This period is referred to as Mongol Peace The Mongols guaranteed safe passage for trade caravans, travelers, and missionaries from one end of the empire to the other. What was the route called that most people travelled?

Mongol Influences In China Mongol ruler, Kublai Khan, unites China Mongol ruler, Kublai Khan, unites China But he is warned, “I have heard that one can conquer the empire on horseback, but one cannot govern it on horseback” The Mongol rulers had little in common with their Chinese subjects. Because of their differences, the Mongols kept their separate identity. They lived apart from the Chinese and obeyed different laws. They kept the Chinese out of high government offices

Trade under Mongol Rule Foreign trade along the SILK ROAD increased under Kublai Khan Trade between Europe and Asia had never been more active. Ideas and inventions traveled along with the trade goods. Many Chinese innovations, such as gunpowder, reached Europe during this period. He also encouraged trade by inviting foreign merchants to visit China.

Influences in Russia Looted and burned Kiev Mongol rule cut off Russian contacts with Western Europe which were making advances in art and science Tatars – Mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13 th c.; left Russian church and aristocracy intact While ferocious in war, the Mongols were quite tolerant in peace. They rarely imposed their beliefs on those they conquered

Many of the areas invaded by the Mongols never recovered. The populations in some cities were wiped out. In addition they destroyed ancient irrigation systems in areas such as the Tigris and Euphrates valleys.

Moscow Takes Lead With their location near trading rivers, Moscow steadily increased their power Head of Russian Orthodox church made Moscow capital, became political and spiritual center

Ivan the Great ---- Ivan III Recovered Russian territories that were lost to invaders Recovered Russian territories that were lost to invaders Russia becomes an empire under Ivan III Tried to limit the power of boyars (landowning nobles) Took on the title of Czar (Russian for Caesar) Russia= “Third Rome”

Recap What is the purpose of the onion domes? How did the Mongols influence Russia? How were the Russian’s Influenced by the Byzantines? What lead Moscow to grow as a city? Who was the leader of the Mongols?