Skeletal System

Bones They support the body and give it shape They work with muscles to let you move Protect organs and produces blood cells Store –Phosphorus and calcium –Released when your body needs them

Skeletons Axial Skeleton –Bones in your head, breastbone, your ribs, and the bones in your backbone Appendicular Skeleton –The rest of your body –Bones in your hands, arms, legs, feet, hips, and shoulders

Axial Skeleton Skull –Actually made up of many small bones fused together –Cranium- the thick, hard part of the skull that encloses the brain and protects it –Jawbone Only bone in your skull that can move

Backbone/spinal column 33 bones called vertebrae –Support your head and give flexibility to your neck and back –Helps protect the spinal cord from injury –Cartilage between each vertebrae –Ribs and breastbone form a protective cage

Joints The point at which two bones come together

Ligaments Strong bands that hold bones together at movable joints and prevent them from popping apart A tough layer of cartilage protects the ends of the bones Synovial Fluid –A fluid that helps lubricate the joint

Joint Activity We are going to break into 5 different groups Each group will be responsible to research their assigned joint Look at page 340 in the red book Find out where in your body your assigned joint is and find 3 other examples that are within the classroom. 1) Immovable 2) Hinge 3) Ball and Socket 4)Pivot 5) Gliding

Types of Joints Immovable joints –Cranium Hinge –Works like a door hinge and allows back and forth movement Knees, elbows, and outer knuckles of your fingers

Ball and socket – Hips and shoulders –Allows movement in all directions – Greatest range of motion Pivot – Bones move from side to side and up and down –You can shake your head because of these

Gliding joint – Your wrists and ankles are flexible –Allows joints to slide over one another

Bones We have 206 bones in our body Bones remain active even after they stop growing

Structure of bones Periosteum – A tough membrane that covers bones –Contains cells that form new bone during growth and repair –Blood vessels run through it and branch into the bone –The blood flowing through here brings nutrients and takes away wastes

Compact Bone Very hard and dense

Spongy Bone Very light in weight Filled with spaces These spaces make the bone like a shock absorber The rounded ends of bones are made up of mostly spongy bone

Marrow Found in the inside of bones There are two types Red – Fills the spaces in spongy bones Most of your blood cells are made in red marrow Yellow – Found in the center of long bones and is made up mostly of fat

Development of Bone The bones start as cartilage before birth This is replaced by ossification – Ossification=cartilage turning into bone –Minerals are deposited in the cartilage making it hard –This continues until you are 20-25

In the red book, pg There will be 8 groups It is your job to research your assigned bone “problem” and then make a skit like you are an athlete you have a bone “problem” and needs a trainers expertise. The trainer will then tell you how to fix your “problem.”

Bone “Problems” Fracture Dislocation Sprain Torn cartilage Bursitis Arthritis Scoliosis Osteoporosis

Fractures

Dislocation

Scoliosis

Osteoporisis