An Introduction to the Periodic Table Using the Periodic Table An Introduction to the Elements

Periodic Table  Why Periodic????  The properties of the elements repeat in in a periodic way.  Invaluable tool for chemistry  Used for organization  History of the table  Newlands  Meyer  Mendeleev  Mosley

The Modern Periodic Table  Elements are arranged by atomic number  Typical box contains:  Name of the element  Symbol  Atomic number  Atomic mass

Periods Horizontal Rows Numbered 1-7

Groups: Vertical Columns Numbered 1-18

Interactive Periodic Tables     html html

Classification of the Elements Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

Metals Occupy the left side of the periodic table Have luster, shiny Solids at room temp except Hg Ductile: ability to be drawn into wires Malleable: ability to be hammered into sheets Excellent conductors of heat and electricity Tend to form positive ions

NonMetals  Occupy the right side of the Periodic Table  Generally gases or brittle solids  Dull-looking  Brittle  Poor conductors of heat and electricity  Bromine is the only liquid at room temp  Tend to form negative ions

Metalloids Characteristics of metals and nonmetals

Classification of the Elements  Families of elements share the same ending electron configuration  therefore they share similar chemical characteristics  Valence Electrons: electrons in the highest principal energy level  Determine Chemical reactivity  Elements in a group share the same number of valence electrons

Families of elements (Groups) Share structural and chemical (behavioral) characteristics Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Elements Halogens Nobel Gases