WORLD WAR I FROM NEUTRALITY TO WAR

TIMELINE PRACTICE Using the slips of paper Try to put the events in chronological order Please do not use your notes, phone or textbook

CAUSES OF WWI Militarism –Glorifying ones military power and values Alliances –Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire –Allied Powers France Russia Britain Imperialism –Conquering weaker nations/spreading ones ideas to weaker countries Nationalism –Strong pride/loyalty in ones nation

POLICY OF NEUTRALITY President Woodrow Wilson wanted to stay neutral Offered loans and sold weapons/supplies –"impartial in thought, as well as action" A country of immigrants By 1914, 32 million Americans were foreign born, or born to foreign parents

GERMAN U-BOATS British had been blocking supplies to Germany Solution: German U-Boats –Submarine Germany declared the waters around Britain a war zone –Unrestricted Submarine Warfare International Law –Search ships, sink only if passengers/crew were off Strict Accountability –Wilson protested against German policy

LUSITANIA U-boat sinks the Lusitania, a passenger ship –No warning –128 Americans killed Germany claimed it was carrying weapons/supplies –"murder on the high seas“ – T. Roosevelt Germany sunk two more ships –Arabic ( Britain) –Sussex (France) Sussex Pledge –Wilson threatened to break off diplomatic relations with Germany if it did not stop surprise attacks. –US and Britain agree to stop blockades

PREPAREDNESS MOVEMENT Movement led by former president Theodore Roosevelt –called on the government to increase U.S. military strength –convince Americans of the need for U.S. involvement in the war Advocates called for an army of a million trained men and a navy larger than Great Britain's. Wilson eventually supported during re-election Propaganda –information or rumor spread by a group or government to promote its own cause or ideas or to damage an opposing cause or idea.

ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM Britain intelligence broke code between Germany and Mexico –Zimmermann suggested that if the United States entered the war, Mexico and Germany should become allies –Germany would then help Mexico regain lost territory in New Mexico Texas Arizona U.S. enters war April 1917

WAR

SONGS FROM WWI Listen to "Over There" –a song written during World War I –by George M. Cohan, an American composer and entertainer. Then answer these questions: What is the mood of this music? Does the mood match the lyrics? Explain. According to this song, why should young men fight in the war? What do you think Cohan's purpose was in writing this song?

SONGS FROM WWI Listen to "On Patrol in No-Man's Land," –a song written by James Reese Europe in 1919 about his experience as a lieutenant in the 369th Regiment of the U.S. Army. Then answer these questions: –What is the mood of this music? Does the mood match the lyrics? Explain. –According to this song, what dangers do soldiers have to look out for? –What do you think Europe's purpose was in writing this song?

A WAR OF FIRSTS Army of about 200,000 –Low pay, lacked equipment Selective Service Act –National Draft –All men ages 21 to 30 to register for military service at local polling stations Doughboys –First American troops to reach French soil Segregated forces –Many were not allowed in combat –369 th Regiment African American regiment Hell Fighters’

WWI TECHNOLOGIES Howitzers –600 bullets/min Flamethrower Heavy artillery –2,100-pound shell a distance of more than 9 miles. Rifle –Most widely used Trench Warfare Chemical Warfare Airplanes –Zeppelins Battleships –Convoy system

WWI CRASH COURSE V=Y59WERQG4XG

THE WAR AT HOME

YOUR TASK The home front chart

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES TO RATIFY OR NOT